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Article
The future of incretins in the treatment of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
In the last few decades, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have changed current guidelines and improved outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the dual glucose-dependent insul...
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Article
Revisiting the role of glucagon in health, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases
Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently, pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet hypothesis has previously domina...
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Article
Open AccessAssociations of hypoglycemia, glycemic variability and risk of cardiac arrhythmias in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, observational study
Insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk of hypoglycemia, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Using a long-term monitoring approach, we in...
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Article
Open AccessA Pharmacological and Clinical Overview of Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus®) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 94% homology to human GLP-1. It is the first GLP-1RA developed for oral administration, and it comprises a co-form...
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Article
Open AccessLong-term Cost-effectiveness of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine U100 in the UK: Evidence from the Basal-bolus Subgroup of the DEVOTE Trial (DEVOTE 16)
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec (degludec) versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) in basal–bolus regimens for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high cardiovascular (CV...
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Article
Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease
In healthy individuals, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) potentiates insulin release and suppresses glucagon secretion in response to the ingestion of nutrients. GLP1 also delays gastric emp...
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Article
Open AccessEffects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) has been associated with beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) on infant health. Within a randomized trial on the effect of neonatal BCG on overall health, we invest...
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Article
Open AccessThe association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination (1331 SSI) skin reaction and subsequent scar development in infants
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) against tuberculosis is administered intradermally, and vaccination is often followed by a scar at the injection site. Among BCG-vaccinated individuals, having a scar...
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Article
Open AccessBacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, thymic size, and thymic output in healthy newborns
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) has been associated with beneficial nonspecific effects on infant health. We aimed to examine the effect of BCG at birth on thymic size and the associations between t...
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Article
Open AccessAfri-Can Forum 2
A1 Introduction to the 2nd synchronicity forum of GHRI/CHVI-funded Canadian and African HIV prevention and vaccine teams
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Article
Open AccessEarly BCG vaccine to low-birth-weight infants and the effects on growth in the first year of life: a randomised controlled trial
Randomised trials have shown that early Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduces overall neonatal and infant mortality. However, no study has examined how BCG affects growth. We investigated the effect on...
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Article
Open AccessNeonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with a cluster of deaths and poor early growth in a randomised trial among low-birth-weight boys of vitamin A versus oral polio vaccine at birth
The effect of oral polio vaccine administered already at birth (OPV0) on child survival was not examined before being recommended in 1985. Observational data suggested that OPV0 was harmful for boys, and trial...
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Article
Open AccessDeterminants of vitamin a deficiency in children between 6 months and 2 years of age in Guinea-Bissau
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies Guinea-Bissau as having severe vitamin A deficiency (VAD). To date, no national survey has been conducted. We assessed vitamin A status among children in rural Gu...
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Article
Urine suPAR Levels Compared with Plasma suPAR Levels as Predictors of Post-consultation Mortality Risk Among Individuals Assumed to be TB-negative: A Prospective Cohort Study
Plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR) have been shown to carry prognostic information in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. The present study ai...
