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Open AccessPost-secondary classroom teaching quality evaluation using small object detection model
The classroom video has a complex background and dense targets. This study utilizes small object detection technology to analyze and evaluate students’ behavior in the classroom, aiming to objectively and accu...
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Open AccessPathogenesis-adaptive polydopamine nanosystem for sequential therapy of ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is lethal cerebrovascular disease, and reperfusion as the main strategy of blood supply restoration can cause severe ischemic brain damage. Considered as the major obstacle in medication for st...
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Article
Open AccessEmerging solutions from the battle of defensive alliances
Competing strategies in an evolutionary game model, or species in a biosystem, can easily form a larger unit which protects them from the invasion of an external actor. Such a defensive alliance may have two, ...
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Open AccessCharacterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Photinia serratifolia
Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are a valuable source of genetic information for a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships. However, no mitogenome of any species in the genus of Photinia has ...
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Open AccessA method for quantitatively separating the piezoelectric component from the as-received “Piezoelectric” signal
Polymer-based piezoelectric devices are promising for develo** future wearable force sensors, nanogenerators, and implantable electronics, etc. The electric signals generated by them are often assumed as sol...
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Open AccessExperimental investigation into the effects of composition and microstructure on the tensile properties and failure characteristics of different gypsum rocks
The present work investigated the differences in the composition and internal microstructure of four types gypsum rock—fiber gypsum, transparent gypsum, alabaster, and ordinary gypsum by X-ray fluorescence spe...
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Open AccessCooperation and competition between pair and multi-player social games in spatial populations
The conflict between individual and collective interests is in the heart of every social dilemmas established by evolutionary game theory. We cannot avoid these conflicts but sometimes we may choose which inte...
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Open AccessConditional punishment is a double-edged sword in promoting cooperation
Punishment is widely recognized as an effective approach for averting from exploitation by free-riders in human society. However, punishment is costly, and thus rational individuals are unwilling to take the p...
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Open AccessCompetitions between prosocial exclusions and punishments in finite populations
Prosocial punishment has been proved to be a powerful mean to promote cooperation. Recent studies have found that social exclusion, which indeed can be regarded as a kind of punishment, can also support cooper...
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Open AccessIndividual wealth-based selection supports cooperation in spatial public goods games
In a social dilemma game group members are allowed to decide if they contribute to the joint venture or not. As a consequence, defectors, who do not invest but only enjoy the mutual benefit, prevail and the sy...
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Open AccessCooperation in group-structured populations with two layers of interactions
Recently there has been a growing interest in studying multiplex networks where individuals are structured in multiple network layers. Previous agent-based simulations of games on multiplex networks reveal ric...
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Open AccessEvolution of public cooperation in a monitored society with implicated punishment and within-group enforcement
Monitoring with implicated punishment is common in human societies to avert freeriding on common goods. But is it effective in promoting public cooperation? We show that the introduction of monitoring and impl...
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Open AccessVoluntary rewards mediate the evolution of pool punishment for maintaining public goods in large populations
Punishment is a popular tool when governing commons in situations where free riders would otherwise take over. It is well known that sanctioning systems, such as the police and courts, are costly and thus can ...
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Variations of alkenone temperature in the Sea of Japan during the last 170 ka and its paleoceanographic implications
Two sediment cores, KCES1 and ODP797, which were recovered from the Sea of Japan (JS), were measured for alkenone-derived sea surface temperatures ( ...
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Different mechanisms between reactions of soot with gaseous and adsorbed NO2
The reactions of soot with gaseous and adsorbed NO2 were tested over the K/MgAlO catalyst. After the reaction intermediates were identified by combination of in situ IR characterization and first-principles calcu...
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Open AccessRandom allocation of pies promotes the evolution of fairness in the Ultimatum Game
In the Ultimatum Game, two players are offered a chance to win a pie. The proposer suggests how to split the pie. The responder can either accept or reject the deal. If an agreement is not reached, neither pla...
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Open AccessExcessive abundance of common resources deters social responsibility
We study the evolution of cooperation in the collective-risk social dilemma game, where the risk is determined by a collective target that must be reached with individual contributions. All players initially r...
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Open AccessBeyond pairwise strategy updating in the prisoner's dilemma game
In spatial games players typically alter their strategy by imitating the most successful or one randomly selected neighbor. Since a single neighbor is taken as reference, the information stemming from other ne...