263 Result(s) for 'Risk'
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Risk
In this contribution, the most important developments in risk theory and risk ethics are presented and connected with key ... the development of the fairly young field of risk ethics is provided. This is followed...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Precautionary Principle
Precautionary reasoning has deep historical and wide cross-cultural roots in the ethics of health, health care, and medical research. As in general ethics, however, this side of bioethical thinking has not bee...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Fetal Surgery
Fetal surgery has developed from concept to investigation using animal models in the laboratory, to innovation and research with pregnant and fetal patients, and to introduction into clinical practice during t...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Bioprinting
Bioprinting is a combination of 3D printing techniques and tissue engineering, using “bioinks” in order to give the tissue the desired spatial orientation. Combining pure engineering techniques with biotechnology...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Engineering Ethics
Engineering ethics concerns the decisions and actions of engineers, individually as well as collectively. It exists as a field of teaching and research since the 1980s. The professional approach to engineering et...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Mental Illness: Treatment of
The treatment of psychiatric disorder necessitates a specific ethical discourse in view of the specific nature of psychiatric disorder and treatment. Mental illness and its treatment are highly contextual and ...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Donation: Blood
Quality, safety, risks, and risk management are currently the leading words in...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Health Insurance
Health insurance is one of the ways that people in various countries finance their medical needs. It is estimated that out-of-pocket expenditure of over 15–20 % of total health expenditure or 40 % of household ne...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Vaccination
Vaccination remains one of the most economical and effective interventions for preventing an array of infectious diseases and the associated disabilities and deaths as well as fostering public health. However,...
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Research: Human Subjects
This paper describes the development of global research ethics guidelines and emphasizes the importance of the conceptual distinction between research and other activities in the health field. It also presents...
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Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation has a few serious bioethical issues although it is considered as a promising treatment modality for patients in diverse conditions. Described here are the current research activities in xen...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Biosecurity
Biosecurity is a term widely used in a number of different fields, particularly in agriculture, human health, research, and national/international security. However, the meaning may differ slightly, depending ...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Prenatal Genetic Screening
This entry focuses on the ethical issues of prenatal genetic screening. Genetic screening is a generic term that refers to a set of diagnostic techniques for sample collection and analysis with the aim of dete...
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Testing: Premarital
Premarital testing can be a valuable prevention against the development of infectious and genetic diseases. It helps protect not only the husband and wife but also the future generations and society. Many coun...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Assisted Reproductive Technology: ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
ICSI is the acronym indicating a new reproductive technique available since 1992, consisting in the injection of one sperm into one oocyte and subsequent transfer of the embryo in a woman’s womb. ICSI appears ...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Surgery: General
In recent decades, the ethical issues that arise in the care of surgical patients have received increasing attention. Although these issues in surgical ethics are not completely different from the ethical issues ...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Lifestyles
There is an increasing recognition that noncommunicable diseases are overtaking infectious diseases as the world’s leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Many of the major risk factors contributing to noncommu...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Donation: Embryo
Regarding the choice and matching of embryos offered for donation, since there are few true genetic contraindications to intra-conjugal in vitro fertilization (IVF), this must also apply to embryo donation (i.e.,...
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Vulnerability
Vulnerability of the human body has traditionally designated its frailty, dependence, and finity. Ill equipped to provide for their basic needs, human beings must forge their existence and acquire the empowerment...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is a significant preclinical and clinical research area of medical genetics. As such, there are important elements of bioethics that require the attention of researchers engaged in clinical resear...
