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390 Result(s)
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Testicular Torsion
Testicular torsion is the most common genitourinary emergency in childhood with an estimated incidence of 3.5–4.5 per 100.000 males younger than 25 years attending the hospital every year (Mansbach et al., Arc...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Augmentation Cystoplasty
Bladder augmentation (BA) with GI tissue is an important tool in the armamentarium of the urologist in the management of children requiring reconstruction for urinary incontinence, preserving the upper urinary...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Embryology of the Urinary Tract
Embryology provides the basis for the understanding of human anatomy – as a field, it has expanded exponentially following advances in molecular and experimental techniques. An understanding of embryogenesis a...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
With the wide spread of maternal ultrasound, the incidence of hydronephrosis has increased significantly, altering the practice of urology. Management of antenatal hydronephrosis after birth remains controvers...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Ureteral Duplication and Duplex Systems
There is a huge anatomical variety in ureteral duplications, ureteral ectopia, and ureteroceles. Embryology is complex and often not well understood. Due to the heterogeneity of patients with those issues, the...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Evaluation and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent a major infectious etiology of morbidity in children. Over the past two decades, the approach to evaluation and management of factors associated with the pathogenesis o...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Urinary Tract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is evolving as an imaging modality for the urinary tract that offers not only superior anatomic but also functional assessment, without the use of ionizing radiation. This comp...
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Dialysis
Providing optimum care to the infant, child, and adolescent patient requiring acute or chronic dialysis therapy demands that attention be directed to a variety of clinical issues. Pediatric patients with acute...
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Principles of Minimally Invasive Surgery
Minimally invasive surgical techniques have become utilized to perform increasingly complex procedures. Initially used in adults, technology and experience have allowed surgeons and urologists to limit the nee...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease
Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK) is a unique entity in the broad spectrum of cystic diseases of the kidney. Classical features include nonfunctioning renal parenchyma accompanied by multiple noncom...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
With the wide spread of maternal ultrasound, the incidence of hydronephrosis has increased significantly, altering the practice of urology. Management of antenatal hydronephrosis after birth remains controvers...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Anatomical and Functional Basis of Vesicoureteral Reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux is due to abnormalities of the ureterovesical junction. Reflux is prevented by the presence of an adequate submucosal ureter within the bladder, which acts as a passive one-way flap valve...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Ureteroceles
Ureteroceles are congenital cystic dilations of the distal aspect of the ureter which often lead to partial or complete obstruction of their associated renal unit with resulting hydroureteronephrosis. They are...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Surgical Treatment of Vesicoureteric Reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) describes the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and upper urinary tract. VUR may lead to pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy, hypertension and, ultimately, c...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common urological abnormalities, affecting 1–2% of the pediatric population and 25–40% of children presenting with urinary tract infection (UTI). The association ...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Bladder Exstrophy, Epispadias, and Cloacal Exstrophy
This group of anomalies comprises a spectrum of lower midline disorders affecting the pelvic ring, the lower abdominal wall, the bladder, and the genitalia. Predominantly occurring in males, the commonest is c...
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Posterior Urethral Valves
The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on posterior urethral valves (PUVs) and to provide a succinct, yet comprehensive summary thereof, focusing on patient presentation, diagnosis, management...
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Different Sexual Development
Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) are a heterogenous group of congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. DSD’s main categories are based...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Hypospadias
The hypospadiac genital tubercle (GT) is the consequence of a development arrest of the tissues forming its ventral aspect, which occurs during the “masculinization window” (6–16 weeks of gestation). The cause...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Antenatal Hydronephrosis
Antenatal hydronephrosis (AHN), also called urinary tract dilation, has been increasingly recognized with the widespread use of fetal ultrasound. Pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric surgeons, and/or pedia...