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Protocol
Protein–Protein Interaction Assays with Effector–GFP Fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana
Plant parasites secrete proteins known as effectors into host tissues to manipulate host cell structures and functions. One of the major goals in effector biology is to determine the host cell compartments and...
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Protocol
Two-Dimensional Data Binning for the Analysis of Genome Architecture in Filamentous Plant Pathogens and Other Eukaryotes
Genome architecture often reflects an organism’s lifestyle and can therefore provide insights into gene function, regulation, and adaptation. In several lineages of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, charac...
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Protocol
A Straightforward Protocol for Electro-transformation of Phytophthora capsici Zoospores
Genome sequencing combined with high-throughput functional analyses has proved vital in our quest to understand oomycete–plant interactions. With the identification of effector molecules from Phytophthora spp. we...
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Protocol
Purification of Effector–Target Protein Complexes via Transient Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana
Effectors of plant pathogens play important roles in not only pathogenesis but also plant immunity. Plant pathogens use these effectors to manipulate host cells for colonization, and their activities likely in...
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Protocol
In planta Expression of Oomycete and Fungal Genes
Large-scale genome sequencing projects have generated a wealth of sequence information for plant pathogenic microbes such as oomycetes and fungi. Functional genomic approaches are essential to exploit the sequ...