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Protocol
Profiling Numerical and Structural Chromosomal Instability in Different Cancer Types
Many cancers display whole chromosome instability (W-CIN) and structural chromosomal instability (S-CIN), referring to increased rates of acquiring numerically and structurally abnormal chromosome changes. Thi...
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Protocol
Studying the Dynamics of Tunneling Tubes and Cellular Spheres
Cancer cytogenetic analyses often involve cell culture. However, many cytogeneticists overlook interesting phenotypes associated with cultured cells. Given that cytogeneticists need to focus more on phenotypes...
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Protocol
Detection of Microorganisms in Body Fluid Samples
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely applied to the identification of microbiome in body fluids. The methodology of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing is simple, fast, and cost-effective. It overcomes th...
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Protocol
Cell-Free RNA Sequencing from Biofluid Samples
Liquid biopsy has obvious advantages over invasive sampling methods. Cell-free DNA is now widely used in prenatal and cancer diagnosis. Cell-free RNA is relatively unstable but could contain potential biomarke...
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Protocol
CSF Biopsy in Glioma: A Brief Review
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor. Over the past several years, liquid biopsy in diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors have made many progressions, but there is still a gap from a large ...
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Protocol
The Protocol of Circulating Tumor Cell Detection
The detection of CTCs is related to the development of tumors and can be used in medical fields such as early diagnosis, postoperative evaluation, monitoring treatment, and predicting disease prognosis. This a...
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Protocol
Advances of Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Recurrence After Ablation in Clinical Application
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia disease with high morbidity in clinical practice and leads to stroke, heart failure, peripheral embolism, and other severe complications. With aging of the socie...
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Protocol
Exosomal RNA Sequencing from Body Fluid Samples
Exosomes are microcapsules released by different types of cells. It contains DNA, RNA, proteins, and other substances. Exosomes spread in body fluids, and their contents can be phagocytosed by other cells and ...
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Protocol
Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Due to the significant tumor heterogeneity of HCC, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or liver biopsy has not yet met the clinical...
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Protocol
siRNA Design and GalNAc-Empowered Hepatic Targeted Delivery
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality, which has attracted widespread attention not only from basic research but also from pharmaceutical industry. As siRNA can theoretica...
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Protocol
Delivery of Functional Small RNAs via Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and In Vivo
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally generated nanovesicles which potentially mediate the intercellular communication and interorgan crosstalk. EVs have recently gained significant interest as a promisin...
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Protocol
Fast and Efficient Measurement of Clinical and Biological Samples Using Immunoassay-Based Multiplexing Systems
Immunoassay is one of the most commonly used biomedical techniques to detect the expression of an antibody or an antigen in a test sample. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for a variety ...
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Protocol
Engineering T Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Therapy
Recent advances in the development of gene editing technologies, especially the CRISPR/Cas 9 system, have substantially enhanced our ability to make precise and efficient changes in the genomes of various cell...
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Protocol
Analysis of Mutations in K-ras and p53 Genes in Sputum and Plasma Samples
Sputum and plasma can provide noninvasive materials to investigate biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis. Mutations in the K-ras oncogene and p53 suppressor gene have been frequently found in sputum an...