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9 The Goldstone Theorem
The mechanism of SSB does not only provide a general strategy for unifying the description of apparently different systems, but it also provide... -
Introduction to Part II
These notes arose from courses given at the International School for Advanced Studies (Trieste) and at the Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa) in various... -
6 Sectors with Energy-Momentum Density
We shall now discuss the requirement III of finite energy-momentum, briefly mentioned in the previous section. Clearly, the possibility of using... -
Aid of Scaling Laws in the Achievement of a Well-Controlled Film Deposition Process
Scaling laws are profitably applied in all the scientific disciplines. Approximated solutions constitute a valuable aid for the analysis of complex... -
Vibrational Spectroscopy in Ion–Irradiated Carbon–Based Thin Films
In this work we present and discuss some selected experiments on ion–irradiated carbon–based thin films. Vibrational spectroscopy is used to... -
Laser Ablation-Deposited CN x Thin Films
Amorphous CN x thin films were deposited at room temperature by pulsed laser ablation of graphite targets in a... -
Elastic and Structural Properties of Carbon Materials Investigated by Brillouin Light Scattering
Brillouin light scattering (BS) is a nondestructive technique exploited to investigate collective excitations in solids: acoustic phonons, spin... -
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Carbon Films: Tailoring Structure and Properties
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a versatile technique to synthesize films of a given material with strongly different properties. In this chapter we... -
Spin-Based Quantum Dot Quantum Computing
This chapter is an overview of the research on spin-based quantum dot quantum computation, which covers two most prominent architectures, one based... -
13 Fermi and Bose Gas at Non-zero Temperature
As an example of symmmetry breaking at non-zero temperature we discuss the free Fermi and Bose gas, starting from finite volume and then discussing... -
1 Symmetries of a Classical System
The realization of symmetries in physical systems has proven to be of help in the description of physical phenomena: it makes it possible to relate... -
14 Quantum Fields at Non-zero Temperature
The general structure discussed above provides a neat and unique prescription for the quantization of relativistic fields at non-zero temperature... -
8 Examples
The model describes the simplest non-linear field theory and it can be regarded as a prototype of field theories in one space dimension (s=1). The... -
Semiconductor Few-Electron Quantum Dots as Spin Qubits
The spin of an electron placed in a magnetic field provides a natural two-level system suitable as a qubit in a quantum computer[1]. In this work, we... -
Ion Microscopy on Diamond
Because of its physical properties (strong radiation hardness, wide energy gap with a consequent extremely low dark current, very large electron and... -
Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Properties of Amorphous Diamond-Like Carbon Films
The Raman spectroscopy and optical characterization of amorphous hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon films is described. The samples were prepared by... -
Correlation Between Local Structure and Film Properties in Amorphous Carbon Materials
A discussion of the various amorphous carbon and amorphous hydrogenated carbon films is presented. A link between sp 2, sp... -
Electrical Characterization of Rare Earth Oxides Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
In this contribution, we investigate the electrical properties of thin (3–30 nm) Lu2O3 and Yb2O3 oxides grown on silicon by atomic layer depostion.... -
Rare Earth Oxides Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Ultimate Scaling
Combination of lanthanum and other rare earth oxides with HfO2 yields stable compounds which withstand transistor processing and have low gate... -
Atomic Layer Deposition of Rare Earth Oxides
The principles of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for thin film growth are briefly introduced, emphasizing the aspects of a self-limiting mechanism....