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Auxin Transport and Recycling of PIN Proteins in Plants
Polar transport of the phytohormone auxin is mediated by plasma-membrane and endosome localized carrier proteins. PIN proteins are the best...
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Environmental Design Considerationsfor Somatic Embryogenesis
In addition to the biomolecular, physiological, and biochemical aspects of somatic embryogenesis, careful design of environmental conditions is...
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Origin, Development and Structure of Somatic Embryosin Selected Bulbous Ornamentals: BAP as Inducer
Somatic embryogenesis in three important ornamentals is discussed in this chapter. Direct somatic embryo development on the explant tissues...
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Differential Gene Expression During Somatic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis is a complex developmental program in which somatic cells are induced for a commitment towards forming totipotent...
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Embryogenesis in Catharanthus roseus: Roles of Some External Factors in Proliferation, Maturation and Germination of Embryos
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant that contains two well-known anticancerous alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine. Cell...
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Screening and Analysis of Pollen Tube Mutations
Although the cytology of the cellular aspects of male gametophytic development has been very well described for several species, molecular...
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Participation of Plant Hormones in Determination and Progression of Somatic Embryogenesis
In vitro culture protocols have been developed for many species, mainly using empirical approaches, to induce somatic embryogenesis from various...
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Rab GTPases in Plant Endocytosis
The Rab family is part of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. In eukaryotes Rab GTPases are present as members of gene families, and the...
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Why Somatic Plant Cells Start to form Embryos?
Embryogenesis in plants is not restricted to the fertilized egg cell but can be naturally or artificially induced in many different cell types,...
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Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado
Avocado is a species widely cultivated for its highly nutritious fruit. Currently, soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora root rot are severe...
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Protein Markers for Somatic Embryogenesis
The capacity for somatic embryogenesis is a remarkable property of plant cells. Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells...
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MDR/PGP Auxin Transport Proteins and Endocytic Cycling
Auxin is an essential regulator of plant growth and development. Polarized transport of auxin is responsible for apical dominance, tropic growth,...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Genera Medicago: an Overview
This chapter outlines the details of somatic embryogenesis in genera Medicago. Various factors that influence the process of somatic embryo...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Rose: Gene Expression and Genetic Transformation
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in roses involves several critical steps requiring specific tissue culture media compositions and particular...
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Somatic Embryogenesis of Pine Species: From Functional Genomics to Plantation Forestry
Several economically important tree species belong to the genus Pinus and many of them form the ecological base of forest ecosystems. Pine wood is...
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Cytological, Physiological and Biochemical Aspectsof Somatic Embryo Formation in Flax
The cytological, physiological and some biochemical aspects of somatic embryo formation in flax are discussed. From the review it is obvious that...
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Chromatin Modifications in DNA Repair
A requirement of nuclear processes that use DNA as a substrate is the manipulation of chromatin in which the DNA is packaged. Chromatin...
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Quality control of proteins in the mitochondrion
The quality control of proteins within mitochondria is ensured by conserved and ubiquitous ATP-dependent molecular chaperones and proteases, present...
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The Hsp60 chaperonins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The Hsp60 molecular chaperones (the chaperonins) are essential proteins throughout biology. They can be separated into two evolutionary classes: the...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene Family in Cell Cycle Regulation and Suppression of Tumorigenesis
Since its discovery in 1986, as the first tumor suppressor gene, the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) has been extensively studied. Numerous biochemical and...