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Modern Epidemiological Study Designs
Although the prototypical non-experimental study designs to measure relative incidence conditional on putative risk factors (cohort, case-control)...
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Case–Control Study
A case–control study is an observational study designed to determine if a risk factor is associated with an outcome of interest (disease or...
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Data Analysis Using SPSS: Jackson Heart Study
The primary objective of this chapter is to illustrate data analysis using a nationally available prospective dataset from the Jackson Heart Study in...
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Geospatial Applications in Epidemiology: Location, Location, Location
Since the conception of epidemiology, geographic location has played a fundamental role. The distribution of health outcomes varies by location and...
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Surveillance: The Role of Observation in Epidemiological Studies
Public health surveillance is the corner stone of public health practice and is critical for improving population health. Public health surveillance...
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Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Update
Due to the emergence of a large, deadly pandemic of COVID-19, it is important to document the worldwide impact of the pandemic in terms of morbidity...
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Clinical Trials
Clinical trials prospectively compare different interventions in two or more groups. Such trials objectively measure health interventions’ safety,...
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Stratified Analysis
Confounding is a kind of bias that can create the appearance of a causal relationship between exposure and disease where there is none. It can occur...
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Measures of Disease Frequency
The occurrence of disease has three measurements. These are prevalencePrevalence, risk, and incidence. They differ by how they relate to time....
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Survival Analysis and Applications Using SAS and SPSS
Survival analysis is used to analyze data in which the time until the event is of interest. The event is sometimes, but not always, death. Typically,...
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Descriptive and Analytical Epidemiology
Both descriptive and analytical epidemiology are important for advancing clinical medicine and public health. Descriptive epidemiology assesses the...
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Cross-Sectional Study: The Role of Observation in Epidemiological Studies
Commonly arising from empirical observations or from opportunistic case reports/case series, a cross-sectional study is often the first step in a...
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Public Health
The public health world is increasingly becoming an analytical place, and with increases in the availability of existing literature, drawing...
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Cohort Studies
This chapter provides readers with the critical concepts to consider in designing and analyzing cohort studies. A cohort study is a powerful tool and...
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Multiple Linear Regression and Logistic Regression Analysis Using SAS
This chapter aims to provide readers with the basic concepts and data analysis of multiple regression analysis using SAS. For illustrations of data...
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Sample Size Estimation
Sample size estimation is a critical statistical analytic tool that is necessary for conducting research. The formula for sample size depends on the...
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2 × 2 Tables
2 × 2 tables are used to organize data for two proportions. From 2 × 2 tables2x2 table, we compare proportions as differences or as ratios. We can...
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Overview of Statistical Logic
In epidemiology, a goal of setting up the method by which we will take a sample from the population is to make the sample representative of the...
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Epidemiological Challenges in India
In an increasingly interconnected world, epidemiological challenges are often shared across nations, however, each nation also faces some unique...
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Evidence to Practice: Implementing Evidence-Based Prevention Programs
Implementation science has been established to fill the knowledge–practice gap and to accelerate the translation of evidence-based interventions into...