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Magnetic Fields in Galaxies
Magnetic fields are a major agent in the interstellar medium. They contribute significantly to the total pressure which balances the gas disk against...
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Magnetic Fields in Galaxy Systems, Clusters and Beyond
The discovery of significant magnetic fields beyond our Milky Way was unwittingly made in the early 1950’s when new “discrete” cosmic radio sources...
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Stellar Magnetic Fields
Stellar magnetic fields are directly detected or inferred across the whole Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram. Attention in this chapter is concentrated on...
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Magnetic Fields in Diffuse HI and Molecular Clouds
The diffuse interstellar HI is the matrix within which many molecular clouds reside and the medium that soaks up the energy injected by sources such...
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Magnetic Fields in the Early Universe
A substantial magnetic field could conceivably have been generated in the ultra-early Universe. However, the relevant physics at those eras is very...
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Searching the Trans-Neptunian Region
The Edgeworth-Kuiper-Belt is considered to be the remnant of the formation disk of the planetary system around the Sun. For about 8 years the...
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Rhombohedral PZT Thin Films Prepared by Sputtering
PZT thin films with a rhombohedral perovskite structure were successfully grown on (111) PLT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si and (111) Ir/SiO2/Si substrates. The...
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Inflation
The optimistic picture for the explanation of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry that we apparently obtain with grand unified theories has one serious...
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Standard Synthesis
One of the two most important observations that indicate a hot past of the universe is the universal distribution of helium and deuterium. Deuterium,...
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Topological Concepts in Gauge Theories
In these lecture notes, an introduction to topological concepts and methods in studies of gauge field theories is presented. The three paradigms of...
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Method of Invariant Grids
The method of invariant grids is developed for a grid-based computation of invariant manifolds.
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Introduction to Space Weather
Adverse space weather is one of the principal threats to modern human technology. Solar coronal mass ejections, large solar flares, and high-speed...
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1 An Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe
We present an elementary introduction to the Early Universe. The basic features of the hot Big Bang are reviewed in the framework of the fundamental...
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Basics
Telescopes of all kinds look deep into the sky and find planets, stars, the Milky Way, other galaxies, clusters of galaxies, the large-scale...
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Correlation Between Domain Structures and Dielectric Properties in Single Crystals of Ferroelectric Solid Solutions
In the present chapter, the growth of single crystals in relaxor–PbTiO3 (PT) solid solution system by the flux method and the solution Bridgman...
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Relaxor Superlattices: Artificial Control of the Ordered–Disordered State of B-Site Ions in Perovskites
We have developed a new superlattice technique to artificially control the B-site ordering state. The technique has been applied to Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3,...
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Topological Quasi-Particles
The subject of topology is the set of properties of relative positions that can be defined without the use of metric properties. A metric induces a...
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Mathematical Notation and Some Terminology
– The operator L from space W to space E: L : W → E
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Invariance Equation in Differential Form
Definition of invariance in terms of motions and trajectories assumes, at least, existence and uniqueness theorems for solutions of the original...