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Physiology of the Placenta
During the course of evolution, reproductive mechanisms have been developed permitting retention of the fetus within the mother, with obvious...
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Evolution of the Human Growth Curve
After many years of languishing in disrepute, the relationship of ontogeny to phylogeny is once again becoming a legitimate, if not a popular, field...
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Carbohydrate, Fat and Amino Acid Metabolism in the Pregnant Woman and Fetus
Pregnancy evolves in a tricomponent system represented by the mother, the placenta, and the fetus. Growth of the fetoplacental unit known as the...
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Growth Dynamics of Low-Birth-Weight Infants with Emphasis on the Perinatal Period
In the past there have been contrary findings on the dynamics of postnatal growth of preterm infants. One group of investigators has reported that...
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The Low-Birth-Weight Infant
The birth of a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant may result from the termination of pregnancy before its normal completion at 38–42 weeks gestation (the...
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Critical Periods in Organizational Processes
Of all the known phenomena of development, that of critical periods lends itself most readily to practical application, both for preventive mental...
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Modes of Growth and Regeneration
The development of an organism occurs in many ways. These include embryogenesis, compensatory growth, wound healing, and epimorphic regeneration....
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Cellular Growth
The growth of tissues that are not self-renewing occurs by a combination of increase in number and increase in size of the component cells. Work in...
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Pre-and Perinatal Endocrinology
The understanding of prenatal and perinatal endocrinology in humans still remains in a primitive stage compared with the accumulating knowledge...
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Ultrasound Measurement of Fetal Growth
Until about a decade ago, almost no direct information was available concerning the growth patterns of the normal fetus. The human fetus is very...
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Human Growth during the Embryonic Period Proper
The embryonic period proper, which occupies the first 8 postovulatory weeks (i.e., weeks since the last ovulation), is a time during which the organs...
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Regulation of Fetal Growth by Hormones and Growth Factors
The complexity of the environment in which the human fetus lives makes it difficult to evaluate the factors that regulate growth in utero. Studies...
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Anatomy of the Placenta
The future shape of the discoid placenta is not visible in the early implantational stages. The earliest stage seen by this author was about 10 days...
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Glimpses of Comparative Growth and Development
Minot (1891) pointed out that from conception to maturity, guinea pigs grew at an average rate of 1.82 g/day, rabbits at one of 6.3 g/day, and humans...
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Control of Differentiation
Three experiments, all performed on amphibian embryos, have laid down the fundamentals of our current understanding of cytodifferentiation and...
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Immunity Development
The development of immunity occurs during two separate phases. The first takes place during fetal life, in the absence of exogenous antigen stimulus....
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Growth as a Target-Seeking Function
A striking and fundamental property of human growth is that it is self-stabilizing or, to take another analogy, target-seeking. Children, no less...
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Anthropometric Measures of Fetal Growth
Until recently, the study of intrauterine human growth was largely the concern of embryologists and obstetricians; today, however, it is actively...
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Control of Embryonic Growth Rate and Fetal Size in Mammals
All around us in our everyday life is evidence that the size and growth rates of mammals are under genetic control. We are all familiar with very...
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Human Biochemical Development
There seems to be a relationship between the metabolic requirements for rapid growth and the development of enzyme systems. For example, the enzymes...