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    Chapter

    Introduction to FDL and the Nature of FDL Claims

    As an introduction to and presentation of the subject matter, this chapter aims to describe the concept of FDL and to set out the framework of the problems surrounding MNCs in terms of FDL and examination of c...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)

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    Chapter

    Conclusion

    Due to their economic powers and their dispersion around the world, MNCs have a global influence and that they should therefore be subject to effective regulation in order to balance their power in the interna...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)

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    Chapter

    Introduction

    Globalisation has had a significant impact on all aspects of life, including business transactions. As transactions became globalised, so did companies. There have been innovations in corporate structure that ...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)

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    Chapter

    A Comparative Analysis of FDL Under Private International Law

    FDL claims are filed by tort victims residing in host countries against parent companies residing in home countries. Therefore, FDL claims have, per se, an international nature, as they concern more than one lega...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)

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    Chapter

    Comparative Analysis of Substantive Legal Grounds for FDL

    FDL claims can be based on the general provisions of tort liability under Turkish law, provided that the sought elements are present in the relevant case. Constructing the element of unlawfulness might be chal...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)

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    Chapter

    Multinational Corporate Groups, Their Position in International Law and Regulating Multinational Corporate Groups

    This chapter aims to provide an insight into MNCs. Firstly, the concept of ‘company’ will be defined by focusing on the two principles concerning companies that are relevant for FDL (i.e. separate legal person...

    Pınar Kara in Tort Liability in Multinational Corporate Groups (2023)