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Chapter
Hua **e
Biomedicine
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Methods for the Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles
Purification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different sample types is a critical step that is performed prior to biological and clinical studies. Numerous EV isolation methods have been developed based o...
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Leprosy Vaccines: Developments for Prevention and Treatment
Over 200,000 new leprosy cases are reported globally every year. A vaccine for leprosy can eliminate the debilitating, biblical, and stigmatised disease in the twenty-first century. Since the 1940s, many clini...
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ECG and Heart Rate Variability in Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Here we discuss the current perspectives of comprehensive heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a non-invasive and reliable measure to assess autonomic function in sleep-r...
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Daratumumab
Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab exerts its anti-myeloma effects by targeting the CD38 (a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed on mye...
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Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenous population of myeloid cells with immature phenotypes and immunosuppressive functions. This population of cells has been extensively studied over the ...
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Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Antimicrobial resistance has been reported since the discovery of antibiotics; the microorganisms which have been exposed to antibiotics are continuously and rapidly evolving to overcome the effect of antimicr...
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The Potential of Essential Oils as Topical Antimicrobial Agents in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches have been a game changer in the field of drug discovery since approximately two decades ago. The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at a global sc...
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Molecular Mechanism of Early-Life Chemical Exposure-Induced Harmful Effects
Increasing data from epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have demonstrated that exposure to hazardous chemicals in early life leads to short-term and long-term detrimental effects. These resu...
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Non-coding RNAs and Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common disease which poses a serious threat to human health and it is characterized by high prevalence, high disability and high mortality. Myocardial hypertrophy (MH) is a co...
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Noncoding RNAs and Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide and is still growing. Thus, it’s critical to understand the molecular causes of HF and develop effecitive therapies to treat HF. Recently, scientists an...
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Na+/H+ Exchangers in Epithelia
Cation/proton antiporters (CPAs), which include Na+/H+ exchangers, are evolutionarily ancient transporters present in most species from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Many of them are expressed in epithelial c...
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CXC Chemokine Receptors in the Tumor Microenvironment and an Update of Antagonist Development
Chemokine receptors, a diverse group within the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, are frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors. Ligand binding activates multiple downstream signal...
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Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay Composite Materials
Owing to their versatility in a wide range of applications, polymer-based composite has become a popular material in replacing metal alloys. Incorporation of nanoparticles is one of the effective methods in en...
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Immune System and Macrophage Activation in the Cochlea: Implication for Therapeutic Intervention
Cochlear inflammation occurs in almost all forms of cochlear disease conditions. This immune activation is mediated by both cellular and molecular components of the cochlear immune system. In the event of infl...
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Blood Injection Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rat Model
The autologous blood injection intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model has been used successfully in rats due to the fact that they are large enough to accommodate all of the procedures and protocols and that mea...
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Blood Injection Intracerebral Hemorrhage Pig Model
The autologous blood injection ICH model has been used successfully in pigs. The larger brain volume and well-developed white matter in the pig brain (in contrast to the rat and the mouse) is good for studies ...
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Oxidative Stress and Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies
Oxidative stress results from the disruption of the redox system marked by a notable overproduction of reactive oxygen species. There are four major sources of reactive oxygen species, including NADPH oxidases...
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Neurovascular Network as Future Therapeutic Targets
In recent years, endovascular treatment, including pharmaceutical drugs and intervention therapy, has become one of the most effective strategies for stroke patients. However, neurobiological and neurovascular...
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Immune Signaling and Autophagy Regulation
Autophagy is one of the key degradation systems in organisms. Starvation and nutrient deprivation induce autophagy activation, providing energy and anabolic substances to maintain energy homeostasis. A variety...
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Palmatine
Palmatine is mainly extracted from the dried cane, and it is one of the main medicinal ingredients of Huangteng. Palmatine is a detoxification agent with a variety of pharmacological effects. It has broad-spec...
