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Control of Fluxes Towards Antibiotics and the Role of Primary Metabolism in Production of Antibiotics
Yield improvements in antibiotic-producing strains have classically been obtained through random mutagenesis and screening. An attractive alternative...
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Applications of the Cluster Statistics
This chapter presents a conceptually straightforward treatment of spatial correlations of “random” heterogeneous media, but does not intend to...
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Porous Media Primer for Physicists
During the 1980's physicists (and some geophysicists) devoted considerable efforts to understanding the physical (meaning here not hydraulic)...
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Percolation Theory
Percolation describes properties related to the connectivity of large numbers of objects which individually have some spatial extent, and for which...
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Non-Salen Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation and Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes. Practical Applications and Recent Advances
Over the past two decades the asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) and asymmetric aminohydroxylation (AA) of alkenes has attracted a great deal of...
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Stereospecific Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by Metallocene Complexes
Metallocene complexes that serve as stereoselective olefin polymerization catalysts are described. The polymerization of propylene, styrene, methyl...
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Diastereoselective, Enantioselective, and Regioselective Carboalumination Reactions Catalyzed by Zirconocene Derivatives
Coordinatively unsaturated alkylzirconocene derivatives can undergo stereo-, and regioselective carbometallation reactions of synthetic utility via...
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Biochemistry and General Genetics of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in Fungi
Peptides like penicillin or cyclosporin are nonribosomally synthesised by large multifunctional enzymes. Peptide synthetase genes are coexpressed...
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Compartmentalization and Transport in β-Lactam Antibiotics Biosynthesis
Classical strain improvement of β-lactam producing organisms by random mutagenesis has been a powerful tool during the last century. Current insights...
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Stereospecific Introduction of Cephalosporin Side Chains Employing Transition Metal Complexes
The unique structural and chemotherapeutic properties of β-lactams continue to attract the attention of synthetic community since they present a...
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Removal of Metals from Process Streams: Methodologies and Applications
Metal-mediated processes are used within the pharmaceutical industry to prepare drug intermediates and drug substances. As such, the process research...
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Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction Using Metallocenes
Among a lot of transition metal mediated or catalyzed C–C bond cleavage reactions, metallocene mediated C–C bond cleavage reactions, in particular,...
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Regulation of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Filamentous Fungi
The β-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. It is produced as end product by...
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Industrial Enzymatic Production of Cephalosporin-Based β-Lactams
Cephalosporins are chemically closely related to penicillins both work by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The first generation...
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Self-Assembling Nanopeptides Become a New Type of Biomaterial
Combining physics, engineering, chemistry and biology, we can now design, synthesize and fabricate biological nano-materials at the molecular...
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The EPR Effect and Polymeric Drugs: A Paradigm Shift for Cancer Chemotherapy in the 21st Century
Blood vessels in tumors are different to normal blood vessels because they have abnormal architectures and impaired functional regulation. We have...
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Modulating Extracellular Matrix at Interfaces of Polymeric Materials
As extracellular matrices (ECM) closely interact with cells in living tissues and, through this, influence essentially any aspect of life...
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Biodiversity
Modern autochthonous Caspian fauna evolved from a few marine species over 1.8 million years in conditions of splendid isolation, existing...