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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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Bringing Reality to Society and Science
One of the most accurate, balanced, non-idealized summaries about Darwin, and about the confusion that often plagues both the scientific literature...
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Science, Society, and Darwin’s Idealization
It was a Monday, 25 May 2020. One more Monday, similar to previous ones, as many people were instructed to remain at home because of the Covid-19...
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Pan-Chinchillidae, a Once Diverse Clade
Pan-Chinchillidae is a clade of caviomorph rodents that includes extant chinchillas (Chinchilla spp.) and mountain vizcachas (Lagidium spp.) within...
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Use of the Plains Vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) by Indigenous Societies in the Pampas Ecoregion (Argentina)
This chapter reviews the plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) bone record from archaeological sites in the Pampas ecoregion. Information from 82...
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Placentation and Placenta
Gestation in the vizcacha lasts approximately 153 days. At 26–32 days post-coitus (dpc), extensions of the trophoblast invading the decidua are...
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Plains Vizcacha Endoparasites: An Exploration of Diversity, Health and Ecology
Parasites are an integral part of all ecosystems and have gained wide acceptance as biological tags since they can provide important information...
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Post-implantation Embryo Development in the South American Plains Vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha)
The early embryo development after implantation varies among mammals. In muroid rodents, an egg cylinder is formed by folding during gastrulation;...
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Impact of Predators on Arthropod Herbivores and Herbivory along Mountain Ranges on Islands Versus Mainland
Trophic interactions between plants, herbivorous arthropods, and their predators are complex and prone to trophic cascades. Understanding these...
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Cretaceous Corals
The chapter gives an overview over the morphology, study methods, evolution, classification, taxonomy, and paleoecology of the post-paleozoic corals...
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Invertebrate Traces in Soils and Paleosols: A Review of the Classification, Interpretation, and Paleobiological Purpose
Ichnology studies the interactions between the organisms and the substrates where they lived, the structures formed as a result of these...
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Carbonate Sequences from the Valles-San Luis and Tuxpan Platforms (El Abra Formation; Cretaceous) and Their Paleoenvironmental Significance in a Sector of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Subsoil of the Coastal Plain of the Gulf of México
Paleogeographic elements formed by the Albian and the Cenomanian carbonate sequences, from the Valles-San Luis Potosí platforms (PVSLP) and the...
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The Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Unlocking the Environmental Data of an Extraordinary Ancient Ecosystem from Mexico
Reconstructions of deep time environments traditionally were based on the analyses and interpretations of fossil organisms in deep time. However,...
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Gymnosperms Through Time. Their History in Mexico
It is difficult to synthesize the evolution of this group from their appearance (310 million years ago) to the present day. During this period,...
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Vertebrate Ichnofossils and Paleoenvironments
Ichnofossils or trace fossils are indirect evidence of biological activity. Vertebrate ichnofossils include footprints, trails, burrows, predation...
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Amphibians Environmental Dependence and Their Use in Paleoecological Reconstructions
The reproductive and physiological amphibians’ needs are strongly influenced by rainfall and water availability. Temperature is another important...
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Short Summary on Main Cenozoic Fossiliferous Localities and South American Land Mammal Ages (SALMAs)
This chapter includes a cursory, but critical analysis of the South American Land Mammal ages, their chronology, and brief comments about some...
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Dinosaur Footprints Throughout Mesozoic Basins in Brazil
The vertebrate ichnological data from the Brazilian Mesozoic basinsMesozoic basins represented by the fossil tracks are well-known, in...
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Splendid Isolation Revisited: The Entente Cordiale Model
Previous pages were the necessary introduction to understand the topics that are included in present chapter. Here the main pillars of a new model...
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Brief History of South American Biogeography
The early history of the study of vertebrate palaeobiogeography in South America is marked in the first decade of the twentieth century by two...