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Evidence to Practice: Implementing Evidence-Based Prevention Programs
Implementation science has been established to fill the knowledge–practice gap and to accelerate the translation of evidence-based interventions into...
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Epidemiological Challenges in India
In an increasingly interconnected world, epidemiological challenges are often shared across nations, however, each nation also faces some unique...
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Modern Epidemiological Study Designs
Although the prototypical non-experimental study designs to measure relative incidence conditional on putative risk factors (cohort, case-control)...
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Putting It All Together – R, the tidyverse Ecosystem, and APIs
The purpose of this lesson is to provide summary information on how R and more specifically R’s tidyverse ecosystem are both used in support of data...
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Role of Statistics for Decision-Making in Biostatistics
The purpose of this lesson is to outline a general process for the use of statistics in support of the decision-making process for biostatistics,...
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Sequential Monitoring
Up to this point we have been concerned with what is usually referred to as “retrospective” or “off-line” change point detection and estimation, in...
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Waiting for the Perfect Vaccine
Vaccination has proven to be the most effective public health measure in the fight against various infectious diseases. For emerging or re-emerging...
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On a Discretized SIS Epidemic Model with No Vertical Transmission
In this chapter, a discretized SIS epidemic model with no vertical transmission is presented and analysed. The examined model is the discrete version...
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Modeling the Effect of Disease Characteristics on the Outcomes of Interventions
Many infectious diseases have common features in terms of their natural history; however, quantifiable characteristics, such as transmissibility, the...
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Computational Modeling of Viral Infection and Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic with a...
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Measure, Integrals and Fuzzy Events
This chapter reviews classical measure theory including probability and Lebesgue measures. This discussion is followed by fuzzy measures, Sugeno...
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Fuzzy Relations
This chapter presents a short discussion of mathematical relations, basic concepts of fuzzy relations, and the composition between two fuzzy...
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Fuzzy Dynamical Systems
This chapter presents an introduction to fuzzy dynamical systems both continuous and discrete. To study the dynamical case, the concept of fuzzy...
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Functional Data
Functional data analysis concerns methods to analyse data that are naturally viewed as taking values in infinite dimensional function spaces....
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Variance Estimation, Change Points in Variance, and Heteroscedasticity
A crucial step in approximating the distribution of the CUSUM statistics introduced in Chaps. 1 and...
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What Can Comparisons of Randomised and Non-Randomised Studies Tell Us?
A strand of research in Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) compares results of randomised and non-randomised studies to empirically assess the...
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Multi-Studies: A Novel Approach to Addressing Irreplicability in RCTs
This chapter proposes a novel approach to addressing irreplicability encountered in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Irreplicability affects, to...
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Increasing the Positive Predictive Value in RCTs: Lessons from Bayes’ Rule
In this chapter, we shall use Bayes’ rule to investigate the parameterisation of the positive predictive value (PPV) as a means of reviewing the...
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Quality (Q) Measures
This chapter considers various “quality” measures of test outcome which can be derived from the 2 × 2 contingency tableContingency table, that is...
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Number Needed (Reciprocal) Measures and Their Combinations as Likelihoods
This chapter considers various “number needed” (reciprocal or multiplicative inverse) measures of test outcome which can be derived from the basic...