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The Tokamak Stampede and Some Further Developments
With the positive Soviet tokamak results the age of despondency was suddenly over. None of the really fundamental problems, such as plasma...
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Post-ITER: DEMO and Fusion Power Plants
AfterFusion power plant ITER the path to a commercial fusion reactorCommercial fusion reactor is still a very long one, even if ITER turns out to be...
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Nuclear Fusion of Light Elements
At the centre of the SunSun, where the fusion takes place that eventually provides us on Earth with energy and light, the temperature is around...
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Spherical Tokamaks
Spherical tokamaksSpherical tokamak (STs) are characterised by a small(er) central hole in the doughnut than conventional tokamaksConventional...
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Birth of the Tokamak
TheTokamak, birth of tokamak is currently the most common torus-shaped device that uses magnetic fields to confine a plasma.
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How Cool is Artificial Sun
In order to make controlled nuclear fusion as stable as the sun, extreme environments are set inside the artificial sun, including ultra-high and...
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The Past and Present of Tokamak
As the magnetic confinement facility for nuclear fusion experiments, tokamak is easy to be developed with sound confinement effects. It is thus...
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Stellar Processes and Quantum Mechanics
As already mentioned, nuclear fusion is the source of energy in the SunSun and in this chapter we will say a little more about this, starting with a...
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Privately Funded Research
ThePrivately funded research current situation in nuclear fusion researchNuclear fusion research, contrary to its first decades, is that most...
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Criticism of the Fusion Enterprise
Since the dream of abundant and cheap energy associated with nuclear fusion is slow in coming, many have wondered whether it is worth all this effort...
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Environment and Safety
There is no such thing as a perfectly clean energy option, free of any impact on the environment. Of course, when actually generating energy, solar,...
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Artificial Sun Is Not Just a Dream
With hard work over the past half century, the world has witnessed successes in development and operation of multiple tokamaks and major achievements...
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Economics and Sustainability
AllSustainability the expense and effort on fusion experiments will only be justified when in the end a viable reactor emerges that produces...
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The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
In some sense this is the most important chapter of the book as it describes the culmination of more than half a century of efforts towards...
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Problems, Problems, Problems ……
ITER and its possible successors face a number of technical problems that have to be resolved before commercial energy generation can become a...
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Summary and Final Conclusion
In the preceding chapters we have journeyed from the early days of nuclear fusion just after World War II all the way to the present day. Almost from...
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What is Nuclear Fusion?
The energy that reaches us from the SunSun is the product of a process called nuclear fusion, the fusion of nuclei of atoms, the basic constituents...
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Early History and Declassification
The basic questions that the early pioneers in fusion research had to answer were how to make a plasma and keep it in place for some (very short)...
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Stellarators and Other Alternative Approaches
A bewildering multitude of fusion approaches has been tried in the past. Most were abandoned early on or swept away in the tokamak stampedeTokamak...
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Plasma in Nuclear Fusion Devices
Research in plasma physicsPlasma physics really got going in the early 1950s when proposals were put forward to harness the power of nuclear fusion.