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Chapter
Why Optoelectronic Circuits in Nanometer CMOS?
Highly integrated communication systems are required to fulfill the growing demand for higher data rates in telecommunication networks. The optical fiber links are the best candidates to deal with large volume...
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Chapter
Laser and Modulator Drivers
The main elements of an optical transmitter are the devices used for the electrical to optical conversion (laser, VCSEL, modulator ...) and the circuit which drives the laser diode (laser driver or modulator d...
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Chapter
Discrete Photodiodes
Low production costs are important for large volume production. For POF communications large-area PDs are needed which will increase the chip costs if integrated in the same expensive nanometer CMOS technology.
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Chapter
Basics of Photodiodes
The integrated photodiode is the first stage in the monolithically integrated optical receiver. The photodiode converts the optical power into an electrical current. The photodiode should convert photons into ...
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Chapter
Optoelectronic Circuits in Nanometer CMOS Technology
In this chapter three fully integrated optical receivers down to 40 nm CMOS are described. In addition two optical receivers with off-chip photodiode follow. Finally optical sensors are introduced to complete ...
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Chapter
Integrated Photodiodes in Nanometer CMOS Technologies
This chapter contains aspects like technology selection and scaling of photodiode performance. Classical PN junction, double-junction photodiodes, finger photodiodes, PIN photodiodes, a spatially modulated lig...
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Chapter
Equalizers
Most of the nanometer CMOS photodetectors presented in Chap. 5 have a small bandwidth due to a slow diffusion current. The photodiodes’ bandwidth can be extended t...
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Chapter
Optical Communications Fundamentals
The necessary fundamentals for the analysis and design of optical communication links will be introduced in this chapter. The transmitter, receiver (transceiver) and optical fiber channel for optical communica...
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Chapter
Transimpedance Amplifiers
Current-to-voltage converters are necessary in optical in order to convert and amplify the weak delivered by the into a strong output voltage signal which is proportional to the input current.
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Article
Reform des Länderfinanzausgleichs
Ende 2019 laufen die bisherigen Regelungen zum Länderfinanzausgleich aus. Zuvor muss eine Reform beschlossen werden. Allerdings sind die Interessen und auch die Belastungssituationen der Geber- und Nehmerlände...
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Article
Building reliable systems-on-chip in nanoscale technologies
Modern application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) contain complete systems on a single die, composed of many processing elements that communicate over a dedicated router-based on-chip network. As systems...
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Book
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Chapter
Introduction
In this introduction the motivation for investigating deep-sub-micron and nanometer CMOS comparators in detail is described. Furthermore, comparators are classified and different types of analog continuous-tim...
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Chapter
State of the Art
Although there are many papers on comparators in micron and submicron CMOS technology, in the following only deep-submicron and nanometer comparators are summarized.
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Chapter
Nanometer CMOS Technology
In this chapter the CMOS technologies used for design and fabrication of comparator test chips described in this book are introduced. The MOS transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS are shown.
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Chapter
Conclusion and Comparison
A key element in an ADC is the comparator. It compares an input signal with a reference voltage and has as a result a logic stage, which indicates whether the signal is lower or higher.
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Chapter
Measurement Circuits and Setup
In this chapter circuits being necessary on chip to be able to measure the performance of the investigated comparators are described. First a buffer with a very low input capacitance and a 50 $$\Om...
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Chapter
Comparators in 65 nm CMOS
Two comparators in 65 nm low-power CMOS are introduced in this chapter. First a high-speed comparator for a sample rate of 7 GHz inclusive measured results is presented. The second comparator is optimized with...
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Chapter
Fundamentals of Clocked, Regenerative Comparators
The fastest ADC structure is the flash ADC, where in principle for a resolution of \(N\) N bits ...
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Chapter
Comparators in 120 nm CMOS
This chapter presents five comparators in 120 nm CMOS technology. Circuit details and measurement results are described for each of them. Starting from 1.5 GHz decision rate the performance is improved up to 6...
