Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes
A Textbook of Bioenergetics
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William A. Cramer
English
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Article
Studies on the mechanism of action of channel-forming colicins using artificial membranes
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Article
Localization of the gene for apocytochromeb-559 on the plastid chromosome of spinach
The gene for cytochromeb-559, associated with the photosystem II reaction center, has been located on the spinach plastid chromosome by cell-free coupled transcription-translation and RNA-programmed hybrid select...
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Chapter
Large-Scale Isolation of Cytochrome b 6/f Complex from Spinach Chloroplasts
The cytochrome b/c 1 complex (ubiquinol: cytochrome c oxidoreductase) and the cytochrome b 6 /f complex (plastoquinol:plastocyanin oxidoreductase) occur in energy transdu...
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Chapter
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine-Dependent Methylation of Chloroplast Proteins
It is well-known that the functional activity of proteins can be altered by post-translational modification, perhaps most notably by reversible phosphorylation (1,2). One such modification is the incorporation...
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Chapter
On the Trans-Membrane Electron Transport Pathway of Cytochrome b 6
The amino acid sequences and distribution of hydrophobic amino acids have been compared (1–3) for the b cytochromes from seven mitochondrial sources (A. nidulans. yeast, trypanosomes, maize, mouse, bovine, and hu...
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Voltage-dependent, monomeric channel activity of colicin E1 in artificial membrane vesicles
The dependence of colicin channel activity on membrane potential and peptide concentration was studied in large unilamellar vesicles using colicin E1, its COOH-terminal thermolytic peptide and other channel-fo...
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Book
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Chapter
Oxidation—Reduction; Electron and Proton Transfer
It was shown in Chap. 1 that a free energy change ΔG p,T can be associated with a change of electrical potential. In the present case, we consider the application to oxidation-...
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Metalloproteins
Cytochromes a—d were classified on the basis of characteristic absorbance maxima (Keilin and Keilin, 1966). The heme can be attached to the protein noncovalently (cytochromes a, b, and d) or covalently (cytochrom...
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Photosynthesis: Photons to Protons
Most of the chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll molecules in the photosynthetic organelle serve as an antenna for light gathering. Approximately one chlorophyll molecule out of 500, and one bacteriochlorophyll ...
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Transduction of Electrochemical Ion Gradients to ATP Synthesis
Proton pum** ATPases can be divided into three classes (Pedersen and Carafoli, 1987a,b; Nelson, 1988): (1) The eubacterial “F-type” that is present in bacteria such as E. coli, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, d...
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Thermodynamic Background
Thermodynamics describes physical and chemical phenomena in terms of macroscopic properties of matter that are obvious to our senses such as pressure, temperature, and volume. These phenomena are divided into ...
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Membrane Structure and Storage of Free Energy
Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and Gram-negative bacteria all share the property of being bounded by a pair of membranes (Keegstra et al, 1984). The two membranes differ in passive permeability properties, the ou...
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Chapter
The Quinone Connection
The concept that the long-chain quinones in energy-transducing membranes (Fig. 5.1 A and B) act as mobile carriers of electrons and protons is partly based on the high concentration of quinone in all energy-tr...
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Chapter
Light and Redox-Linked H+ Translocation: Pumps, Cycles, and Stoichiometry
Two mechanisms of H+ translocation have been discussed thus far, the uptake and release of H+ by ubi- and plastoquinone (Chap. 5), and the release of H+ in the photosynthetic water splitting reaction (Chap. 6.8)....
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Active Transport
All living organisms must exchange material with the surrounding environment across their cell membranes, exporting waste materials and importing useful metabolites. The transport of such materials is catalyze...
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Article
Introduction
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Chapter
Basic Aspects of Electron and Proton Transfer Reactions with Applications to Photosynthesis
Starting with a discussion of the dependence of the activation energy of electron transport on reorganization energy, conclusions that apply to charge transfer in photosynthetic membrane proteins are: (i) a re...
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Article
The best offense is a good defense
How does a cell employ a lethal toxin against neighboring cells of the same species, yet provide nearly perfect protection for itself? Two new structures offer insights into the nature of interactions between ...
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Article
The structure of BtuB with bound colicin E3 R-domain implies a translocon
Cellular import of colicin E3 is initiated by the Escherichia coli outer membrane cobalamin transporter, BtuB. The 135-residue 100-Å coiled-coil receptor-binding domain (R135) of colicin E3 forms a 1:1 complex wi...
