65 Result(s)

Chapter

Pathogenesis of Reovirus Infection

To successfully produce disease, a virus must enter its host, replicate within host cells, spread within the host and, in the case of systemic infection, overcome host immune defenses, and damage host tissues....

Arlene H. Sharpe, Bernard N. Fields in The Reoviridae (1983)

Chapter

Reovirus Cytopathology: Effects on Cellular Macromolecular Synthesis and the Cytoskeleton

Despite extensive knowledge of the molecular biology of viral replication relatively little is known about how viruses alter the host cell during infection and produce cellular injury. Studies of the events fo...

Arlene H. Sharpe, Bernard N. Fields in Viral Cytopathology (1984)

Article

Role of abortive retroviral infection of neurons in spongiform CNS degeneration

RETROVIRUSES are involved in several human neurological diseases with varying pathological features^1–3. Whether these diseases are due to a direct effect of the virus on nervous system cells is unknown. To gain i...

Arlene H. Sharpe, John J. Hunter, Phillip Chassler, Rudolf Jaenisch in Nature (1990)

Article

Lethal β-thalassaemia in mice lacking the erythroid CACCC-transcription factor EKLF

GLOBIN genes are regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner, with the β-globin gene being the last to be activated in the β-gene cluster¹. CACCC-nucleotide sequences, which bind multip...

Andrew C. Parkins, Arlene H. Sharpe, Stuart H. Orkin in Nature (1995)

Article

Genomic organization of the gene coding for the costimulatory human B-lymphocyte antigen B7-2 (CD86)

The generation of an antigen-specific T-cell response requires that the T lymphocyte receive two signals from the antigen presenting cell. The specificity of this response is provided by antigen presented to t...

Cindy L. Jellis, Sophia S. Wang, Paul Rennert, Frank Borriello… in Immunogenetics (1995)

Chapter

The Regulatory Functions of Co-Stimulators Revealed in Transgenic Mice

A general principle of lymphocyte activation is that functional responses of mature T and B lymphocytes require at least two signals. The first signal is provided by antigen recognition, and is responsible for...

Michael P. Sethna, Luk Van Parijs… in Genetic Models of Immune and Inflammatory … (1996)

Chapter

B7-Deficient Mice Reveal an Alternative Functional CTLA-4 Counterreceptor

Signaling via the B7:CD28/CTLA4 pathway can provide a potent co-stimulatory signal to T cells. Recent developments indicate that signaling through this pathway is more complex than previously thought. Analysis...

Frank Borriello, Elizabeth A. Tivol… in Genetic Models of Immune and Inflammatory … (1996)

Article

Embryonic lethality and impairment of haematopoiesis in mice heterozygous for an AML1-ETO fusion gene

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AMI) is a major haematopoietic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of a malignant clone of myeloid progenitor cells1,2. A reciprocal translocation, t(8;21)(q22;q22), observed...

Donald A. Yergeau, Christopher J. Hetherington, Qing Wang, Pu Zhang… in Nature Genetics (1997)

Article

The costimulatory genes Cd80 and Cd86 are linked on mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 3

Roger H. Reeves, David Patch, Arlene H. Sharpe, Frank Borriello… in Mammalian Genome (1997)

Article

Heparin is essential for the storage of specific granule proteases in mast cells

All mammals produce heparin, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan that is a major constituent of the secretory granules of mast cells which are found in the peritoneal cavity and most connective tissues. Alt...

Donald E. Humphries, Guang W. Wong, Daniel S. Friend, Michael F. Gurish… in Nature (1999)

Article

T-cell stimulation: an abundance of B7s

Many different T-cell co-stimulatory molecules have been recently discovered. Determining exactly how many there are, why there are so many and what they all do is the next task (1365–1369

Abul K. Abbas, Arlene H. Sharpe in Nature Medicine (1999)

Article

ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching

The inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) is a CD28 homologue implicated in regulating T-cell differentiation^1,2,3,4,5. Because co-stimulatory signals are critical for regulating T-cell activation, an understa...

Alexander J. McAdam, Rebecca J. Greenwald, Michele A. Levin, Tatyana Chernova… in Nature (2001)

Article

PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation

Programmed death 1 (PD-1)–deficient mice develop a variety of autoimmune-like diseases, which suggests that this immunoinhibitory receptor plays an important role in tolerance. We identify here PD-1 ligand 2 (...

Yvette Latchman, Clive R. Wood, Tatyana Chernova, Divya Chaudhary… in Nature Immunology (2001)

Article

SAP controls T cell responses to virus and terminal differentiation of T_H2 cells

SH2D1A, which encodes signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP), is altered in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), a primary immunodeficiency. SAP-deficient mi...

Chengbin Wu, Khuong B. Nguyen, Gary C. Pien, Ninghai Wang… in Nature Immunology (2001)

Chapter

The Role of Costimulation in T Cell Differentiation

The last 15 years has seen great advances in our understanding of the events necessary for the activation of T cells. From this work, what has come to be accepted as the “two-signal hypothesis of T cell activa...

Janet E. Buhlmann, Arlene H. Sharpe in Cytokines and Autoimmune Diseases (2002)

Article

The B7–CD28 superfamily

Article

Protect the killer: CTLs need defenses against the tumor

Evasion of the immune system is an all too common feature of cancer. A new study suggests one evasion mechanism: induction of T-cell apoptosis through B7-H1, a molecule expressed on the surface of many tumor c...

Gordon J. Freeman, Arlene H. Sharpe, Vijay K. Kuchroo in Nature Medicine (2002)

Article

Antigen-specific regulatory T cells develop via the ICOS–ICOS-ligand pathway and inhibit allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity

Asthma is caused by T-helper cell 2 (Th2)-driven immune responses, but the immunological mechanisms that protect against asthma development are poorly understood. T-cell tolerance, induced by respiratory expos...

Omid Akbari, Gordon J. Freeman, Everett H. Meyer, Edward A. Greenfield… in Nature Medicine (2002)

Article

The inhibitory function of B7 costimulators in T cell responses to foreign and self-antigens

When antigen-presenting cells (APCs) encounter inflammatory stimuli, they up-regulate their expression of B7. A small amount of B7 is also constitutively expressed on resting APCs, but its function is unclear....

Jens Lohr, Birgit Knoechel, Shuwei Jiang, Arlene H Sharpe… in Nature Immunology (2003)

Article

The threshold pattern of calcineurin-dependent gene expression is altered by loss of the endogenous inhibitor calcipressin

Calcineurin links calcium signaling to transcriptional responses in the immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems. To determine the function of the calcipressins, a family of putative calcineurin inhibitors, ...

Sandra Ryeom, Rebecca J Greenwald, Arlene H Sharpe, Frank McKeon in Nature Immunology (2003)