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Reactive Oxygen Species Biology and Angiotensin Regulation of Human Vascular Tone – the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors and AT1 Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

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Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Abstract

The role of RAS in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases has been extensively studied and is well established. The impact of oxidative stress in vascular homeostasis has also been clearly defined. Many of the cellular effects of Ang II appear to be mediated by ROS generated by NAD(P)H oxidase. Here we provide an overview of ROS physiology in human vessels and in particular the interaction with RAS, as well as a discussion on mechanisms by which therapeutic interventions on RAS affect redox signaling in the vascular wall at a clinical level.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACEIs:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

ADMA:

Asymmetric dimethylarginine

AGT:

Angiotensinogen

Ang:

Angiotensin

ARBs:

AT1 receptor blockers

AT1R:

Angiotensin type 1 receptors

AT2R:

Angiotensin type 2 receptors

BB:

β-blocker

BH4 :

Tetrahydrobiopterin

BP:

Blood pressure

DDAH:

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase

DRI:

Direct renin inhibitors

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

JAK:

Janus kinase

MRAs:

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

PRA:

Plasma renin activity

PKC:

Protein kinase C

RAS:

Renin–angiotensin system

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TNF:

Tissue necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Flat 15, Fern House, 1 Amberley Drive, Manchester, M23 2RW, UK

    Nikolaos Koumallos, Amir Sepehripour, Ioannis Dimarakis, Abdul Nasir & Nizar Yonan

  2. Cardiothoracic Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

    Andreas Paschalis

Authors
  1. Nikolaos Koumallos
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  2. Amir Sepehripour
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  3. Ioannis Dimarakis
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  4. Andreas Paschalis
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  5. Abdul Nasir
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  6. Nizar Yonan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolaos Koumallos .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

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Koumallos, N., Sepehripour, A., Dimarakis, I., Paschalis, A., Nasir, A., Yonan, N. (2014). Reactive Oxygen Species Biology and Angiotensin Regulation of Human Vascular Tone – the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors and AT1 Receptor Blockers (ARBs). In: Laher, I. (eds) Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_67

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