Vaccinia Virus Transcriptome Analysis by RNA Sequencing

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Vaccinia Virus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2023))

Abstract

RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique is a powerful tool for simultaneous analysis of global transcripts from both vaccinia virus and host cell. Here, we describe an RNA-Seq method for analyzing the vaccinia virus transcriptome from virus-infected HeLa cells. We pay particular attention to vaccinia virus-specific aspects of sample preparation, sequencing, and data analyses, but our method could be modified to analyze transcriptomes of other cells or tissues infected with different poxviruses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Protocol
EUR 44.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 106.99
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 139.09
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR 213.99
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang Z, Gerstein M, Snyder M (2009) RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat Rev Genet 10:57–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yang Z, Bruno DP, Martens CA, Porcella SF, Moss B (2010) Simultaneous high-resolution analysis of vaccinia virus and host cell transcriptomes by deep RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:11,513–11,518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Moss B (2013) Poxviridae: the viruses and their replication. Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Fields Virology 2:2129–2159

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yang Z, Moss B (2015) Decoding poxvirus genome. Oncotarget 6:28,513–28,514

    Google Scholar 

  5. Yang Z, Martens CA, Bruno DP, Porcella SF, Moss B (2012) Pervasive initiation and 3′-end formation of poxvirus postreplicative RNAs. J Biol Chem 287:31,050–31,060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Yang Z, Maruri-Avidal L, Sisler J, Stuart CA, Moss B (2013) Cascade regulation of vaccinia virus gene expression is modulated by multistage promoters. Virology 447:213–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang Z, Reynolds SE, Martens CA, Bruno DP, Porcella SF, Moss B (2011) Expression profiling of the intermediate and late stages of poxvirus replication. J Virol 85:9899–9908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bengali Z, Satheshkumar PS, Yang Z, Weisberg AS, Paran N, Moss B (2011) Drosophila S2 cells are non-permissive for vaccinia virus DNA replication following entry via low pH-dependent endocytosis and early transcription. PLoS One 6:e17248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Albelda SM, Thorne SH (2014) Giving oncolytic vaccinia virus more BiTE. Mol Ther 22:6–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chan WM, McFadden G (2014) Oncolytic poxviruses. Annu Rev Virol 1(1):191–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Draper SJ, Heeney JL (2010) Viruses as vaccine vectors for infectious diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:62–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Altenburg AF, Kreijtz JH, de Vries RD, Song F, Fux R, Rimmelzwaan GF, Sutter G, Volz A (2014) Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as production platform for vaccines against influenza and other viral respiratory diseases. Viruses 6:2735–2761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Izzi V, Buler M, Masuelli L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Bei R (2014) Poxvirus-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy: new insights from combined cytokines/co-stimulatory molecules delivery and “uncommon” strains. Anti Cancer Agents Med Chem 14:183–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Moss B (2013) Reflections on the early development of poxvirus vectors. Vaccine 31:4220–4222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Earl PL, Cooper N, Wyatt LS, Moss B, Carroll MW 2001 Preparation of cell cultures and vaccinia virus stocks. Curr Protoc Mol Biol Chapter 16:Unit16 16

    Google Scholar 

  16. Head SR, Komori HK, LaMere SA, Whisenant T, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Salomon DR et al (2014) Library construction for next-generation sequencing: overviews and challenges. BioTechniques 56:61–64. 66, 68, passim

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30:2114–2120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Langmead B, Trapnell C, Pop M, Salzberg SL (2009) Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol 10:R25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Trapnell C, Pachter L, Salzberg SL (2009) TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics 25:1105–1111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liao Y, Smyth GK, Shi W (2014) featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics 30:923–930

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Homann OR, Johnson AD (2010) MochiView: versatile software for genome browsing and DNA motif analysis. BMC Biol 8:49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R, 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25:2078–2079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yates A, Akanni W, Amode MR, Barrell D, Billis K, Carvalho-Silva D et al (2016) Ensembl 2016. Nucleic Acids Res 44:D710–D716

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR et al (2012) Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc 7:562–578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhilong Yang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Cao, S., Lin, Y., Yang, Z. (2019). Vaccinia Virus Transcriptome Analysis by RNA Sequencing. In: Mercer, J. (eds) Vaccinia Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2023. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9593-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9593-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9592-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9593-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation