Abstract
With the development of renewable energy sources (RES), the use of microgrids is becoming more prevalent. The low voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrid provides numerous advantages, including increased convenience, improved efficiency, loss reduction, and simple integration with PV and BESS. There are currently no perfect fault detection methods for LVDC microgrids. Solutions, such as protection relays and coordinates, must be found as soon as possible to reduce costs and provide better quality DC power. This paper proposes a new fault detection method for LVDC microgrid with RES for the development of an effective method. A 1500 Vdc (+ 750 Vdc) LVDC distribution system in South Korea composed of PV, BESS, and load, which are major elements in the LVDC microgrid, was modeled using PSCAD s/w. Further, we developed a fault detection algorithm using various fault analyses. The proposed new fault detection method consists of instantaneous current change rate, the detail coefficient of the discrete wavelet transform, and absolute detail energy. As a result of the simulation and performance verification, the proposed fault detection method demonstrates reliable operation in several cases.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig11_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig12_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42835-022-01043-0/MediaObjects/42835_2022_1043_Fig13_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kim HS, Kim JY et al (2019) Direct current distribution technology. Smart Company 8:1–467
Chakraborty S, Simoes MG, Kramer WE (2013) Power electronics for renewable and distributed energy system. Green energy and technology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–609
Jang SH (2021) LVDC technology status and industry revitalization plan. In: KIEE Summer Conference, Workshop, vol 7, pp 1~22
Park CW, Ham JM, Lee KM et al (2021) CB capacity calculation for DC grid. In: KIEE Summer Conference, AO067, vol 7
Won D-J et al (2017) Fault current characteristics and protection scheme of LVDC microgrids. In: KIEE summer conference, vol 7, pp 479–480
Oh YS, Kim CH et al (2015) Development of an algorithm for detecting high impedance fault in low voltage dc distribution system using accumulated energy of fault current. J KIIEE 29(5):71–79
Oh YS, Kim CH et al (2015) A study on detection of high impedance fault in low voltage DC distribution system using filter based on mathematical morphology. J KIIEE 29(11):89–95
Kim MH, Kim JC (2018) The study on the complex composition by SFCL and power equipments for fault detection in HVDC line. Trans KIEE 67(8):1113–1118
Kim KY, Rho DS et al (2020) Algorithm of detecting ground fault by using insulation monitoring device (IMD) in ungrounded DC system. Trans Korea Acad Ind Cooper Soc 21(9):528–535
Nam SY, Ko SW et al (2021) PV module DC array ground fault detection area and fault location detection method. J Korean Solar Energy Soc 41(5):37–45
Kim SH, Won CY (2021) Bi-directional DC–DC converter open-switch fault detection method using Artificial Neural Networks. In: Proceedings of KIIEE annual conference, vol 11, p 65
Yang J, Fletcher JE, O’Reilly J (2012) Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DC network cables. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 59(10):3827–3838
Lin P, Zhang Z et al (2019) Fault analysis of DC-transformer for DC distribution grid. In: 2019 IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies Asia, vol 6, pp 2047–2051
Jia Z, Liu Z et al (2019) Real-time response-based fault analysis and prognostics techniques of nonisolated DC–DC converters. IEEE Access 7(6):67996–68009
Demidov I, Pinomaa A, Lana A, Pyrhönen O (2020) Fault detection and classification based on deep learning in LVDC off-grid system. In: 2020 22nd European conference on power electronics and applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe), vol 7, pp 1~10
Kumar Sharma N, Pattanayak R, Samantaray SR, Bhende CN (2020) A fast fault detection scheme for low voltage DC microgrid. In: 2020 21st national power systems conference (NPSC), vol 12, pp 1~6
Som S, Ranjan Samantaray S (2017) Wavelet based fast fault detection in LVDC micro-grid. In: 2017 7th international conference on power systems (ICPS), vol 12, pp 87–92
Li C, Burt G et al (2020) Modulated low fault-energy protection scheme for DC smart grids. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 11(1):84–94
Park CW, Lee KM et al (2021) New fault detection technique for low voltage DC microgrid with RES. In: APAP 2021 Conf., 1-0167, vol 10, pp 1–4
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant number: R20XO02-26).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, KM., Park, CW. New Fault Detection Method for Low Voltage DC Microgrid with Renewable Energy Sources. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 17, 2151–2159 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-022-01043-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-022-01043-0