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Temperature effect of photovoltaic cells: a review

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Abstract

The environmental problems caused by the traditional energy sources consumption and excessive carbon dioxide emissions are compressing the living space of mankind and restricting the development of economic society. Renewable energy represented by solar energy has gradually been moved to the forefront of energy development along with the strong support of national policies. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is the main method in the utilization of solar energy, which uses solar cells (SCs) to directly convert solar energy into power through the PV effect. However, the application and development of SCs are still facing several difficulties, such as high cost, relatively low efficiency, and greater influence from external conditions. Among them, the temperature effect of SCs is related to their power generation efficiency, which is an important factor that needs to be considered in the development of SCs. The temperature effect of SCs will affect the intrinsic properties of SC materials and the parameters that characterize SC performance. This will ultimately affect its power generation efficiency. This work reviews previous studies on temperature effects in SCs. The influence of temperature effect on various parameters characterizing the performance of SCs is discussed, and its mechanism and the latest research progress are shown. It also introduces in detail various methods to deal with the temperature effect of SCs, and analyzes other factors that affect the performance of SCs. This review will help researchers in the design and development of SCs.

Graphical abstract

The temperature effect of PV cells is related to their power generation efficiency, which is an important factor that needs to be considered in the development of PV cells.

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Abbreviations

c-Si:

Crystalline silicon

CB:

Conduction band

CIGS:

Copper indium gallium selenide

CdTe:

Cadmium telluride

CEs:

Counter electrodes

CIGSe:

Cu(In,Ga)Se2

CPV:

Concentrating photovoltaics

CELIV:

Carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage

DITC:

Dark injection transient current

DC:

Direct current

DSSCs:

Dye-sensitized solar cells

DMOO:

Dynamic multi-objective optimization

ETL:

Electron transport layer

FF:

Fill factor

HS:

Heat sink

Isc :

Short-circuit current

Jsc :

Current density

LID:

Light-induced degradation

m-Si:

Monocrystalline silicon

MJSC:

Multi-junction solar cell

MPP:

Maximum power point

MPPT:

Maximum power point tracking

NFs:

Nanofluids

OSCs:

Organic solar cells

P3HT:

3-Hexylthiophene

PCBM:

[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acidmethyl ester

PSFPV:

Partially submerged floating photovoltaic system

PV:

Photovoltaic

Pmax :

Maximum power

PSCs:

Perovskite solar cells

PVK:

Perovskite

PCE:

Power conversion efficiency

PC:

Photocurrent

PL:

Photoluminescence

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PV/T:

Photovoltaic/thermal

QDSCs:

Quantum dot solar cells

QDs:

Quantum dots

QE:

Quantum efficiency

RC:

Radiative cooling

SCLC:

Space charge limited current

STC:

Standard test conditions

SCs:

Solar cells

TRPL:

Time-resolved photoluminescence

TRPC:

Time-resolved photocurrent

TCO:

Transparent conductive oxide

Ti:

Titanium

TEG:

Thermoelectric generator

TE:

Thermoelectric

UHCPV:

Ultra-high concentration photovoltaic

VB:

Valence band

Voc :

Open-circuit voltage

α-Si:

Amorphous silicon

η:

Photoelectric conversion efficiency

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52106099) and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020LLZ004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Chunlei Sun, Yuan Zou & Bin Zhang

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Caiyan Qin

  3. Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, **an, 250100, China

    **aohu Wu

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  1. Chunlei Sun
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  2. Yuan Zou
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  4. Bin Zhang
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Sun, C., Zou, Y., Qin, C. et al. Temperature effect of photovoltaic cells: a review. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5, 2675–2699 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00533-z

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