Abstract
In the present work, a natural bentonite (B) was first modified with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to form an organobentonite (OB) material. Alginate/organobentonite beads (A–OB) were then obtained by encapsulating organobentonite (OB) in calcium alginate (A). Different alginate/organobentonite ratios were applied during bead preparation, yielding beads denoted A–OB1 (1/1 w/w), A–OB2 (1/2 w/w), and A–OB3 (1/3 w/w), respectively. These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and were used to eliminate the dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Two adsorption isotherm models—the Freundlich and Langmuir models—were fitted to adsorption data obtained upon varying the initial dye concentration (25–300 mg L−1). The Langmuir isotherm model gave the best fit to the isotherm data. Among the three types of A–OB beads, A–OB1 presented the greatest MB adsorption capacity. The amount of MB adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (qmax) increased from 344.4 mg g−1 for OB to 972.29 mg g−1 for A–OB1. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were investigated, and the latter gave the best fit to the experimental kinetic data. The calculated thermodynamic factors (ΔS°, ΔH°, and ΔG°) for the sorption process revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and physical in nature. To test adsorbent reusability, desorption studies were performed, and the results showed that MB was desorbed from A–OB1 with a removal percentage of 94.04% after six cycles. These results indicate that the novel adsorbent A–OB1 is recyclable (even after six regenerative cycles), inexpensive, and can be used to remove the dye MB from aqueous solution.
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This paper was selected from the 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI), Tunisia 2019.
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Oussalah, A., Boukerroui, A. Removal of cationic dye using alginate–organobentonite composite beads. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 5, 55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-020-00199-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-020-00199-3