Abstract
The adsorption behavior of four anionic dyes and one disperse dye in single solution and binary solutions on fly ash was investigated in order to elucidate the effect of competitive adsorption on the kinetics. The experimental findings showed that adsorption equilibriums of four anionic dyes were reached within 50 min either in the single solution or in binary mixtures. Competitive adsorption increased the time of attaining equilibrium of disperse dye. Desorption of dyes suggested the predominant adsorption mechanisms, that is, chemisorption for anionic dyes and physisorption for disperse dye. For the binary mixtures, the anionic dyes could be adsorbed preferentially on fly ash at the first stage. Second-order kinetic models fitted better to the equilibrium data of all dyes in the single solution as well as in the binary mixtures. The maximum rate constant of intraparticle diffusion and the minimum external mass transfer coefficient was found for disperse dye both in single and in binary solutions. The intraparticle diffusion constants and external mass transfer coefficients of the four anionic dyes in binary solution are similar to those obtained in single solution. The Biot number confirmed that the intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step in the dye sorption process.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13762-012-0130-y/MediaObjects/13762_2012_130_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13762-012-0130-y/MediaObjects/13762_2012_130_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13762-012-0130-y/MediaObjects/13762_2012_130_Fig3_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmaruzzaman M (2010) A review on the utilization of fly ash. Prog Energy Combust Sci 36(3):327–363
Al-Degs Y, Khraisheh MAM, Allen SJ, Ahmad MN, Walker GM (2007) Competitive adsorption of reactive dyes from solution: equilibrium isotherm studies in single and multisolute systems. Chem Eng J 128(2–3):163–167
Apiratikul R, Madacha V, Pavasant P (2011) Kinetic and mass transfer analyses of metal biosorption by Caulerpa lentillifera. Desalination 278(1–3):303–311
Bulut E, Özacar M, Şengil ÍA (2008) Equilibrium and kinetic data and process design for adsorption of Congo Red onto bentonite. J Hazard Mater 154(1–3):613–622
Chazopoulos D, Varma A, Irvine RL (1993) Activated carbon adsorption and desorption of toluene in the aqueous phase. AIChE J 39(12):2027–2041
Dizge N, Aydiner C, Demirbas E, Kobya M, Kara S (2008) Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by fly ash: kinetic and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater 150(3):737–746
Fariaa PCC, Őrfäo JJM, Pereira MFR (2004) Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on activated carbons with different surface chemistries. Water Res 38(8):2043–2052
Findon A, McKay G, Blair HS (1993) Transport studies for the sorption of copper ions by Chitosan. J Environ Sci Health A 28(1):173–185
Guibal E, Milot C, Tobin JM (1998) Metal anion sorption by chitosan beads: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Ind Eng Chem Res 37(4):1454–1463
Ho YS, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34(5):451–465
Hsu TJ (2008) Adsorption of an acid dye onto coal fly ash. Fuel 87(13–14):3040–3045
Janoš P, Buchtová H, Rýznarová M (2003) Sorption of dyes from aqueous solutions onto fly ash. Water Res 37(20):4938–4944
Kao PC, Tzeng JH, Huang TL (2000) Removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution by fly ash. J Hazard Mater 76(2–3):237–249
Khraisheh MAM, Al-Degs YS, Allen SJ, Ahmad MN (2002) Elucidation of controlling steps of reactive dye adsorption on activated carbon. Ind Eng Chem Res 41(6):1651–1657
Kumar KV, Porkodi K (2007) Mass transfer, kinetics and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of methylene blue using Paspalum notatum. J Hazard Mater 146(1–2):214–226
Mall ID, Srivastava VC, Agarwal NK, Mishra IM (2005) Removal of congo red from aqueous solution by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses. Chemosphere 61(4):492–501
Mane VS, Mall ID, Srivastava VC (2007) Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies for the adsorptive removal of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution by rice husk ash. J Environ Manage 84(4):390–400
Mohan D, Singh KP, Singh G, Kumar K (2002) Removal of dyes from wastewater using fly ash, a low-cost adsorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 41(15):3688–3695
Mukherjee AK, Gupta B, Chowdhury SMS (1999) Separation of dyes from cotton dyeing effluent using cationic polyelectrolytes. Am Dyest Rep 88(2):25–28
Noroozi B, Sorial GA, Bahrami H, Arami M (2008) Adsorption of binary mixtures of cationic dyes. Dyes Pigment 76(3):784–791
Nouri S, Haghseresht F, Lu GQM (2002) Comparison of adsorption capacity of p-cresol and p-nitrophenol by activated carbon in single and double solute. Adsorption 8(3):215–223
Porter JF, McKay G, Choy KH (1999) The prediction of sorption from a binary mixture of acidic dyes using single- and mixed-isotherm variants of the ideal adsorbed solute theory. Chem Eng Sci 54(24):5863–5885
Queka SY, Al-Duri B (2007) Application of film-pore diffusion model for the adsorption of metal ions on coir in a fixed-bed column. Chem Eng Proc 46(5):477–485
Ramakrishna KR, Viraraghavan T (1997) Dye removal using low cost adsorbents. Water Sci Technol 36(2–3):189–196
Rengaraj S, Moon SH (2002) Kinetic of adsorption of Co(II) removal from water and wastewater by ion exchange resins. Water Res 36(7):1783–1793
Saka C, Şahin Ő, Küçük MM (2012) Applications on agricultural and forest waste adsorbents for the removal of lead (II) from contaminated waters. Int J Environ Sci Technol 9(2):379–394
Srivastava VC, Swamy MM, Mall ID, Prasad B, Mishra IM (2006) Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 272(1–2):89–104
Sun D, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu X (2010) Adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solution on fly ash. J Hazard Mater 181(1–3):335–342
Walker GM, Weatherley LR (2000) Prediction of multisolute dye adsorption on activated carbon. Trans IchemE B 9(3):219–223
Wang S, Li H (2007) Kinetic modelling and mechanism of dye adsorption on unburned carbon. Dyes Pigment 72(3):308–314
Wang SB, Wu H (2006) Environmental-benign utilization of fly ash as low-cost adsorbents. J Hazard Mater 136(3):482–501
Wang S, Boyjoo Y, Choueib A (2005) A comparative study of dye removal using fly ash treated by different methods. Chemosphere 60(10):1401–1407
Wasewar KL, Atif M, Prasad B, Mishra IM (2008) Adsorption of zinc using tea factory waste: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Clean-Soil Air Water 36(3):320–329
Wong YC, Szeto YS, Cheung WH, McKay G (2003) Equilibrium studies for acid dye adsorption onto Chitosan. Langmuir 19(19):7888–7894
Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zeng H, Liang M, Lu R (2012) Adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by the iron(III)-impregnated sorbent prepared from sugarcane bagasse. Int J Environ Sci Technol 9(3):463–472
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from Open Foundation of Chemical Engineering Subject (Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China) and Ministry of Water Resources Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (200901063).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, D., Zhang, X., Wu, Y. et al. Kinetic mechanism of competitive adsorption of disperse dye and anionic dye on fly ash. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 799–808 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0130-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0130-y