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Deep eutectic solvent-based air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of lead in gasoline samples followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

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Abstract

This paper describes determination of lead in gasoline by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after application of an air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method using deep eutectic solvent. In this study, for the first time, a ternary deep eutectic solvent was synthesized from menthol, mandelic acid, and glycolic acid and was used as a complexing agent and an extraction solvent, simultaneously. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method made possible the determination of lead in the range of 5–50 ng L−1 with a good linearity. The obtained detection and quantification limits were 1.6 and 5.0 ng L−1, respectively. Moreover, enrichment factor and extraction recovery values were 166 and 91.3%, respectively. The optimized and developed method was successfully used for the determination of lead in various gasoline samples.

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Abbreviations

AALLME:

Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction

DES:

Deep eutectic solvent

EF:

Enrichment factor

ER:

Extraction recovery

GFAAS:

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of the University of Tabriz for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin, Mir Ali Farajzadeh, Hossein Dastoori & Tohid Okhravi

  2. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

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  1. Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin
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  2. Mir Ali Farajzadeh
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  3. Hossein Dastoori
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  4. Tohid Okhravi
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Correspondence to Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin.

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Sorouraddin, S.M., Farajzadeh, M.A., Dastoori, H. et al. Deep eutectic solvent-based air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of lead in gasoline samples followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 2591–2599 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02481-9

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