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Reducing sugars and bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunch by applying a batch and continuous pretreatment process with low temperature and pressure

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Abstract

Exploring sustainable energy and chemical sources based on biomass has increased global interest. This study was focused on produce second-generation bioethanol using a new pretreatment process. The effectiveness of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) for lignin removal, reducing sugar, and bioethanol production at low temperature and pressure was investigated using batch and continuous processes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the NaOH concentration and solid to liquor ratio (SL) at a maximum temperature of 100 °C and atmospheric pressure. The mathematical formula derived from RSM was based on 11 runs of the batch treatment. In the batch treatment process, 2 M NaOH, the temperature of 80 °C, and SL ratio of 8 have resulted in lignin removal of 38.7%, reducing sugars of 8.3%, and bioethanol concentration of 4.1%. The validation of formula has been calculated from calculation and experiment values. Moreover, at the same retention time, continuous pretreatment showed a reducing sugar content of 5.9% and a bioethanol concentration by 2.5%. The results show that the continuous process can be employed in effective bioethanol production from OPEFB.

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Funding

The Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) – Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia provided research grant no. KEP-02/LPDP/LPDP.4/2022 of 2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong Tangerang Selatan, Building 452 Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Banten, Indonesia

    Roni Maryana, Teuku Beuna Bardant, Yan Irawan, Eka Triwahyuni,  Muryanto & Yanni Sudiyani

  2. Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Dede M. Ihsan

  3. Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umea, Sweden

    Atanu Kumar Das

  4. Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Wahyu Angga Rizal

  5. Department of Physics Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia

    Amaliyah Rohsari I. Utami

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  1. Roni Maryana
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Contributions

R.M. and TBB are the main contributors who conceptualized the study and performed pretreatment and study analysis result for XRD. Meanwhile, ARIU prepared the system control. YI and WAR designed the continuous reactor. DMI, ET, and M performed pretreatment and the other experiments. A.K.D. revised and finalized the manuscript. Finally, YS supervised the study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roni Maryana.

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Maryana, R., Bardant, T.B., Ihsan, D.M. et al. Reducing sugars and bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunch by applying a batch and continuous pretreatment process with low temperature and pressure. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 11155–11164 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03138-0

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