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TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with marigold for antioxidant role to enhance the skin protection

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Abstract

Nanotechnology captures great interest in various areas and has wide range of applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been synthesized through different means such as physical, chemical, and green methods, whereas green synthesis of nanoparticles is a cost-effective, economical, non-toxic, and eco-friendly method, and TiO2 nanoparticles have been used in cosmetic products as ultraviolet filters. Marigold (MG) being a strong antioxidant has been used for skin protection and contains anti-aging effects. In this study, MG-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized, and bioactive compounds of this plant act as reducing and cap** agents during the fabrication of nanoparticles. Characterization of NPs was done by using different techniques such as UV/Vis, XRD, and SEM. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy illustrated MG-TiO2 NPs activity in visible light. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure of TiO2, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) discovered the cylindrical shape of MG-TiO2 NPs. The size of these NPs was found at 45.93 nm. MG extracts and NPs are analyzed for antioxidant activities, and MG nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant activity 50 µg/ml against DPPH. MG M and E also showed good oxidant scavenging activity. MG-TiO2 NPs exhibited excellent results 82% against hydrogen mediated hemolysis in anti-hemolytic activity whereas MGM and MGE scavenge oxidants up to 74 and 73%. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that MG-NPs, MGM, and MGE extracts presented good results 23.42828 µg/ml, 25.14318 µg/ml, and 49.97482 µg/ml against brine shrimp assay and represent 86%, 40%, and 25% anticancer potential against hepG2 cell lines. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants illustrated the highest inhibition zone against 24-mm Salmonella gallinarum for MG-TiO2 NPs marigold methanol extract (MGM) and marigold ethanol extract (MGE) showing moderate antibacterial activity but no zones against Paeruginosa aeruginosa.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through research groups program under grant number RGP.1/123/40.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS AAUR, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Hina Gul

  2. Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Muhammad Awais

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Yasar Javaid

  5. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    M. Ijaz Khan

  6. NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Arif

  7. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Y. Alshahrani

  8. Department of Physics, Materials Simulation Research Laboratory, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Pakistan

    Rana Muhammad Arif Khalil

  9. Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Falak Sher Khan

  10. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Wadi Addawaser, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed M. Galal

  11. Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, P.O. 35516, Mansoura, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Galal

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  1. Hina Gul
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Correspondence to Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed, Muhammad Awais or M. Ijaz Khan.

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The experimental study was approved by the National Veterinary Lab Islamabad ethical committee adhering to the institution’s guidelines and in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.

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Gul, H., Javed, H.M.A., Awais, M. et al. TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with marigold for antioxidant role to enhance the skin protection. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 16025–16035 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02433-0

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