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Adsorption thermodynamics of cationic dye on hydrolysis lignin-acrylic acid adsorbent

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Abstract

Enzymatic saccharification is widely used for producing sugars from woody biomass while generating hydrolysis lignin as a by-product. Hydrolysis lignin produced in this saccharification process is under-utilized due to its poor solubility and reactivity. In this paper, hydrolysis lignin (HL) was polymerized with acrylic acid (AA) by using potassium persulfate as the initiator under alkaline aqueous conditions to produce coagulant and adsorbent to be used as aids in wastewater treatment processes. The polymerization produced soluble anionic polymers with a solubility of 5.1 g/L, charge density of − 6 mmol/g, and molecular weight of 3.8 × 105 g/mol. This soluble AA-g-HL polymer removed 95% cationic dye (basic blue 41) from an aqueous system at 1.2 g/g by forming polyelectrolyte complexes with dye molecules. The insoluble AA-g-HL polymer removed 46% of cationic dye at the dosage of 3 g/g via adsorption. Experimental data were fitted into various isotherm and kinetic models to identify the best description of the adsorption systems, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were determined. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of dye (227 mg/g) on insoluble AA-g-HL was higher than that (52 mg/g) on HL. The kinetics data followed the pseudo-second model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption onto AA-g-HL was an exothermic spontaneous process. Both the mean free energy and the magnitude of free enthalpy change verified that the main mechanism was physical adsorption.

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Funding

The financial support of this work was provided by NSERC-Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation-Industrial Research Chair, and Canada Research Chair programs.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada

    Yiqian Zhang, Weijue Gao & Pedram Fatehi

  2. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), **an, Shandong, China

    Fangong Kong & Pedram Fatehi

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Y. Zhang prepared the original draft, W. Gao revised the paper, and F. Kong helped Y. Zhang and W. Gao in the analysis. P. Fatehi was the supervisor of the project.

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Zhang, Y., Gao, W., Kong, F. et al. Adsorption thermodynamics of cationic dye on hydrolysis lignin-acrylic acid adsorbent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 7011–7026 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01659-8

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