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Effects and interactions of the agricultural waste residues and binder type on physical properties and calorific values of carbonized briquettes

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Abstract

Multiple factors are responsible for the properties of developed briquettes. The effect of the agricultural residue type in determining resulting properties of developed briquettes is seldom elucidated. Agricultural residue biochars from groundnut shells, sugarcane bagasse, coffee husks, and rice husks were used in develo** carbonized briquettes using the low-cost compression method. In this study, a general factorial multi-level categorical experimental design method was used to investigate the effects and interactions of the carbonized agricultural type, binder type, and binder amount on physical properties and calorific values of developed briquettes. Statistically significant models (p < 0.05) were obtained for physical property responses of fixed carbon, ash content, volatile matter, and moisture content as well as calorific values for the developed briquettes. In experiments where only cassava starch binder (30 g and 50 g) was used, carbonized agricultural residues played a significant role in the resulting physical property. Increasing the cassava starch binder from 30 to 50 g had a minimal impact on the resulting briquette physical property. In experiments where cassava starch binder and wheat starch binder were used, it was clear that the physical property of the developed briquette was affected significantly by the carbonized agricultural residue used and binder type. Calorific values of groundnut shell and bagasse briquettes were observed to be significantly affected by the agricultural residue type. The highest calorific values of 23.9 MJ/kg and 23.3 MJ/kg were obtained for groundnut shell and bagasse biochar briquettes, respectively, when only 30 g of cassava starch binder was used. Changes in cassava and wheat starch binder amounts did not significantly affect heating values of developed groundnut shell and bagasse briquettes.

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Funding

This research was supported by funding from Yosevi Engineering Services Limited.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

    Michael Lubwama & Vianney Andrew Yiga

  2. Africa Center of Excellence in Materials, Product Development and Nanotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

    Michael Lubwama

  3. Yosevi Engineering Services Limited, Kampala, Uganda

    Michael Lubwama, Vianney Andrew Yiga & Harriet Nalubega Lubwama

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  1. Michael Lubwama
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  3. Harriet Nalubega Lubwama
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Contributions

Michael Lubwama and Vianney Andrew Yiga were responsible for execution of experiments. Michael Lubwama, Vianney Andrew Yiga, and Harriet Nalubega Lubwama were responsible for analysis of data, writing, and technical editing during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Michael Lubwama.

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Lubwama, M., Yiga, V.A. & Lubwama, H.N. Effects and interactions of the agricultural waste residues and binder type on physical properties and calorific values of carbonized briquettes. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 4979–4999 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01001-8

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