Abstract
As the most aggressive malignant primary human brain tumor, glioblastoma is noted with extremely poor patient survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in glioblastoma cells is critical for cancer metastasis. However, the molecular signaling pathways that control MMP9 activation remain undefined. Here, we reported a strong negative correlation of microRNA (miRNA)-181c levels with either MMP9 levels or activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in glioblastoma patients. EGF-induced activation of EGFR in a human glioblastoma line, A-172 cells, increased MMP9 expression through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, without affecting expression of miRNA-181c. On the other hand, overexpression of miRNA-181c in A-172 cells inhibited MMP9 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, but not phosphorylation of EGFR receptor. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGFR signaling activates downstream PI3K/Akt to increase MMP9 expression in glioblastoma, while phosphorylation of Akt is a control point by miRNA-181c. Our work thus provides new insights into the molecular basis underlying the metastasis of glioblastoma.
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Fei Wang and Weizhong **ao equally contributed to this work.
The Publisher and Editor retract this article in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). After a thorough investigation we have strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised.
An erratum to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-017-5487-6.
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Wang, F., **ao, W., Sun, J. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: MiRNA-181c inhibits EGFR-signaling-dependent MMP9 activation via suppressing Akt phosphorylation in glioblastoma. Tumor Biol. 35, 8653–8658 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2131-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2131-6