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Genetic diversity, population structure and genome-wide marker-trait association analysis emphasizing seed nutrients of the USDA pea (Pisum sativum L.) core collection

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Abstract

Genetic diversity, population structure and genome-wide marker-trait association analysis was conducted for the USDA pea (Pisum sativum L.) core collection. The core collection contained 285 accessions with diverse phenotypes and geographic origins. The 137 DNA markers included 102 polymorphic fragments amplified by 15 microsatellite primer pairs, 36 RAPD loci and one SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker. The 49 phenotypic traits fall into the categories of seed macro- and micro-nutrients, disease resistance, agronomic traits and seed characteristics. Genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait association were analyzed with the software packages PowerMarker, STUCTURE and TASSEL, respectively. A great amount of variation was revealed by the DNA markers at the molecular level. Identified were three sub-populations that constituted 56.1%, 13.0% and 30.9%, respectively, of the USDA Pisum core collection. The first sub-population is comprised of all cultivated pea varieties and landraces; the second of wild P. sativum ssp. elatius and abyssinicum and the accessions from the Asian highland (Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, China and Nepal); while the third is an admixture containing alleles from the first and second sub-populations. This structure was achieved using a stringent cutoff point of 15% admixture (q-value 85%) of the collection. Significant marker-trait associations were identified among certain markers with eight mineral nutrient concentrations in seed and other important phenotypic traits. Fifteen pairs of associations were at the significant levels of P ≤ 0.01 when tested using the three statistical models. These markers will be useful in marker-assisted selection to breed pea cultivars with desirable agronomic traits and end-user qualities.

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  1. USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Mail Stop 646402, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6402, USA

    Soon-Jae Kwon, **guo Hu, Ted Kisha & Clarice J. Coyne

  2. Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Suite 4229, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA

    Allan F. Brown

  3. USDA-ARS, Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research, 303 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Rebecca McGee

  4. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Johnson Hall 291D, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Chasity Watt

  5. New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Gail Timmerman-Vaughan

  6. USDA-ARS, Children Nutrition Research Center, Room 11074, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Michael Grusak

  7. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Loftsgard Hall 370G, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA

    Kevin E. McPhee

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  1. Soon-Jae Kwon
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S.-J. Kwon and A. F. Brown contributed equally to this work.

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Kwon, SJ., Brown, A.F., Hu, J. et al. Genetic diversity, population structure and genome-wide marker-trait association analysis emphasizing seed nutrients of the USDA pea (Pisum sativum L.) core collection. Genes Genom 34, 305–320 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-011-0213-z

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