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The Transitional Cardiac Pum** Mechanics in the Embryonic Heart

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An Erratum to this article was published on 07 February 2013

Abstract

Several studies have linked abnormal blood flow dynamics to the formation of congenital heart defects during the early stages of development. The objective of this study is to document the transition of pum** mechanics from the early tube stage to the late loo** stage of the embryonic heart. The optically transparent zebrafish embryonic heart was utilized as the in vivo model and was studied using standard bright field microscopy at three relevant stages within the transitional period: (1) tube stage at 30 hours post-fertilization (hpf); (2) early cardiac loo** stage at 36 hpf; and (3) late cardiac loo** stage at 48 hpf. High-speed videos were collected at 1000 fps at a spatial resolution of 1.1 μm/pixel at each of these stages and were post-processed to yield blood velocity patterns as well as wall kinematics. Results show that several relevant trends exist. Morphological trends from tube through late loo** include: (a) ballooning of the chambers, (b) increasing constriction at the atrioventricular junction (AVJ), and (c) repositioning of the ventricle toward the side of the atrium. Blood flow trends include: (a) higher blood velocities, (b) increased AVJ regurgitation, and (c) larger percentages of blood from the upper atrium expelled backward toward the atrial inlet. Pum** mechanics trends include: (a) increasing contraction wave delay at the AVJ, (b) the AVJ begins acting as a rudimentary valve, (c) decreasing chamber constriction during maximum contraction, and (d) a transition in ventricular kinematics from a pronounced propagating wave to an independent, full-chamber contraction. The above results provide new insight into the transitional pum** mechanics from peristalsis-like pum** to a displacement pum** mechanism.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (Award# 1235305), program director Dr. Dennis Carter. We also thank Dr. Lindsay Parrie and Dr. Yelena Chernyavskaya for sharing their expertise regarding zebrafish preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Brennan M. Johnson & Lakshmi Prasad Dasi

  2. Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Deborah M. Garrity

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Room A103D Engineering, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1374, USA

    Lakshmi Prasad Dasi

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  1. Brennan M. Johnson
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  2. Deborah M. Garrity
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  3. Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
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Correspondence to Lakshmi Prasad Dasi.

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Associate Editor Kerem Pekkan and Bradley B. Keller oversaw the review of this article.

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Johnson, B.M., Garrity, D.M. & Dasi, L.P. The Transitional Cardiac Pum** Mechanics in the Embryonic Heart. Cardiovasc Eng Tech 4, 246–255 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-013-0120-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-013-0120-3

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