SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of highly carboxylated monodisperse polystyrene microspheres by dispersion polymerization in fluorinated alcohol

  • Articles
  • Published:
Macromolecular Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fluorinated alcohol is demonstrated as a suitable medium for the preparation of monodisperse carboxylfunctionalized microspheres by dispersion polymerization. In the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizer, coagulum-free monodisperse micrometer-sized copolymers containing up to 30 wt% acrylic acid could be produced via one-stage batch dispersion polymerization with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as the medium. The coefficient of variation for the particle size distribution decreased as the acrylic acid content in the monomers increased and stabilized at approximately 3% when the acrylic acid content was 15 wt% or higher. The resulting microspheres exhibited pHsensitive behavior. Dissolution of the copolymer chains in alkaline solution could be reduced by incorporating a cross-linkable comonomer. The monodispersity and colloidal stability of the carboxyl-functionalized microspheres were preserved until the amount of divinylbenzene reached 2 wt% based on the monomer. It was found that two-stage semi-continuous dispersion polymerization was an effective method for the synthesis of cross-linked carboxyl-functionalized microspheres.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Spain)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. Fischer, K. Landfester, and R. Muñoz-Espí, ACS Macro Lett., 1, 1371 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Jacobs, A. Byrne, N. Gathergood, T. E. Keyes, J. P. A. Heuts, and A. Heise, Macromolecules, 47, 7303 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. M. Dietrich, A. Henning, M. Holzweber, T. Thiele, H. Borcherding, A. Lippitz, U. Schedler, U. Resch-Genger, and W. E. S. Unger, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 20392 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Zhang, X. Ge, M. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Wu, M. Wu, and D. Xu, Polym. Chem., 2, 970 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. X. Cheng, S. C. Tjong, Q. Zhao, and R. K. Y. Li, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 47, 4547 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.-M. Li, W.-F. Ma, C. Wei, J. Guo, J. Hu, and C.-C. Wang, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 5992 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. I. Abdelrahman, S. Dai, S. C. Thickett, O. Ornatsky, D. Bandura, V. Baranov, and M. A. Winnik, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 15276 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. I. Abdelrahman, S. C. Thickett, Y. Liang, O. Ornatsky, V. Baranov, and M. A. Winnik, Macromolecules, 44, 4801 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Liang, A. I. Abdelrahman, V. Baranov, and M. A. Winnik, Polymer, 52, 5040 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Liang, A. I. Abdelrahman, V. Baranov, and M. A. Winnik, Polymer, 53, 998 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. H. Utama, M. Drechsler, S. Förster, P. B. Zetterlund, and M. H. Stenzel, ACS Macro Lett., 3, 935 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Zhao, Y.-W. Luo, B.-G. Li, and S. Zhu, Langmuir, 27, 11306 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Bao, F. Li, H. Li, L. Chen, C. Ye, J. Zhou, J. Wang, Y. Song, and L. Jiang, J. Mater. Chem. C, 1, 3802 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. X. Liu, Y. Xu, S. Ma, Y. Ma, A. Ahmad, Y. Tian, X. Zhong, and X. Guo, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53, 11326 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Argentiere, L, Blasi, G. Morello, and G. Gigli, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 16347 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Tan, X. Rao, J. Yang, and Z. Zeng, Macromolecules, 46, 8441 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Zhang, M. Zhang, K. Tang, F. Verpoort, and T. Sun, Small, 10, 32 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Abbaspourrad, S. S. Datta, and D. A. Weitz, Langmuir, 29, 12697 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Sun, C. Yi, W. Wei, D. Zhao, Q. Hu, and X. Liu, Langmuir, 30, 14757 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kawaguchi and K. Ito, Adv. Polym. Sci., 175, 299 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. W. Vanderhoff, M. S. El-Aasser, F. J. Micale, E. D. Sudol, C. M. Tseng, A. Silwanowicz, H. R. Sheu, and D. M. Kornfeld, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 54, 587 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Ugelstad, K. H. Kaggerud, F. K. Hansen, and A. Berge, Makromol. Chem., 180, 737 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Ugelstad, P. C. Mork, K. H. Kaggerud, T. Ellingsen, and A. Berge, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 13, 101 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Okubo, M. Shiozaki, M. Tsujihiro, and Y. Tsukuda, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 222 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Kang, C. Kan, Y. Du, and D. Liu, Eur. Polym. J., 41, 439 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. P. Lok and C. K. Ober, Can. J. Chem., 63, 209 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. K. Ober and K. P. Lok, Macromolecules, 20, 268 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. C. M. Tseng, Y. Y. Lu, M. S. El-Aasser, and J. W. Vanderhoff, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 2995 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. W. Yang, D. Yang, J. Hu, C. Wang, and S. Fu, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 39, 555 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.-S. Song and M. A. Winnik, Macromolecules, 38, 8300 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.-S. Song, L. Chagal, and M. A. Winnik, Macromolecules, 39, 5729 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. B. Thomas, C. M. Creecy, J. W. McGinity, and N. A. Peppas, Polym. Bull., 57, 11 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Bunyakan and D. Hunkeler, Polymer, 40, 6213 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. T. J. Romack, E. E. Maury, and J. M. DeSimone, Macromolecules, 28, 912 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Minami, A. Kimura, K. Kinoshita, and M. Okubo, Langmuir, 26, 6303 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. F. Bai, X. Yang, R. Li, B. Huang, and W. Huang, Polymer, 47, 5775 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. T. Ishikawa, A. Takenaka, M. Kikuchi, M. Kobayashi, and A. Takahara, Macromolecules, 46, 9189 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Heng, J. Zhu, N. Zhou, and X. Zhu, Polym. Chem., 3, 2731 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S.-H. Shim, M.-K. Ham, J. Huh, Y.-K. Kwon, and Y.-J. Kwark, Polym. Chem., 4, 5449 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. E. Mishima, T. Tamura, and S. Yamago, Macromolecules, 45, 8998 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. B. O’Shaughnessy and J. Yu, Macromolecules, 27, 5067 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. G. A. O’Neil, M. B. Wisnudel and J. M. Torkelson, AIChE J., 44, 1226 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S. F. Ahmed and G. W. Poehlein, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2605 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. L. H. Wong, J. Kim, and J. M. Torkelson, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 45, 2842 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. J. Zhang, J. Li, L. Huang, and Z. Liu, Polym. Chem., 4, 4639 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L.-P. Blanchard, J. Hesse, and S. L. Malhotra, Can. J. Chem., 52, 3170 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. P. Claudy, J. M. Letoffe, Y. Camberlain, and J. P. Pascault, Polym. Bull., 9, 208 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Y.-H. Lin, Macromolecules, 23, 5292 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. M. Switala-Zeliazkow, Makromol. Chem., 194, 1505 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. S. Kawaguchi, A. Yekta, and M. A. Winnik, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 176, 362 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Hennig, A. Hoffmann, H. Borcherding, T. Thiele, U. Schedler, and U. Resch-Genger, Anal. Chem., 83, 4970 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Hennig, H. Borcherding, C. Jaeger, S. Hatami, C. Wurth, A. Hoffmann, K. Hoffmann, T. Thiele, U. Schedler, and U. Resch-Genger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 8268 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. S. Zhu, U. Panne, and K. Rurack, Analyst, 138, 2924 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Song, W. Zhang, Z. Hu, and Z. Zhang, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 348, 1 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Korea

    Sang Goo Lee & Jong-Wook Ha

Authors
  1. Sang Goo Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jong-Wook Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jong-Wook Ha.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, S.G., Ha, JW. Synthesis of highly carboxylated monodisperse polystyrene microspheres by dispersion polymerization in fluorinated alcohol. Macromol. Res. 24, 675–683 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-016-4093-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-016-4093-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation