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Recommendations for Preclinical Research in Hemorrhagic Transformation

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Abstract

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is an important complication of ischemic stroke and is responsible for most of the mortality associated with acute reperfusion therapy. Although many important publications address the preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations on the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and consequences of HT. The purpose of this review is to present the various models used in HT research, the clinical correlates, and the experimental variables known to influence the quantitation of HT in preclinical investigation. Lastly, recommendations for the conduct of preclinical research in HT are provided.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported grants from the National Institutes of Health (SCF, RO1 NS063965; AE, R21 NS070239 DSL P50NS044378, K24NS072272; PAL, U01 NS060685), Veterans Affairs Merit Review (SCF, BX000891; AE, BX000347), and American Heart Association Established Investigator Award (AE, 0740002N).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, HM 1212; 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA

    Susan C. Fagan, Tauheed Ishrat & Adviye Ergul

  2. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA

    Susan C. Fagan, Tauheed Ishrat & Adviye Ergul

  3. Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA

    Susan C. Fagan

  4. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA

    Adviye Ergul

  5. Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Paul A. Lapchak

  6. UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David S. Liebeskind

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  1. Susan C. Fagan
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  2. Paul A. Lapchak
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  3. David S. Liebeskind
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  4. Tauheed Ishrat
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  5. Adviye Ergul
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Correspondence to Susan C. Fagan.

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Fagan, S.C., Lapchak, P.A., Liebeskind, D.S. et al. Recommendations for Preclinical Research in Hemorrhagic Transformation. Transl. Stroke Res. 4, 322–327 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0222-5

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