Abstract
The present studies are focused to analyze mathematically the dry sliding wear of 2024 aluminium alloy reinforced with fly ash (FA) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles with weight percentages of 5, 10 and 15. Both FA and SiC reinforcements are combined equally in weight proportion. Dry sliding wear values are computed using the pin-on-disc wear testing machine. The process parameters or factors like applied load, the weight percentage of FA and SiC, sliding time are identified, which are going to affect the wear of the sample under investigation. The experiments are designed based on Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. Mathematical/statistical methods such as Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are the best tools, which are used to find out the influence of factors/parameters on the wear of composite. The analysis of experimental data using such methods is done using MINITAB 18 software considering smaller is better as a quality characteristic. Multiple linear regression and response surface methodology (RSM) mathematical models are used to develop the relation between wear with process factors. The results obtained from multiple linear regression model and RSM are compared. 2D contour plots are drawn for evaluation of wear at different set of process conditions. The wear mechanisms are studied using SEM pictures.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig3_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig4_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig5_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig6_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig7_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig8_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12666-018-1322-z/MediaObjects/12666_2018_1322_Fig9_HTML.jpg)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amar P, Satapathy A, Mahapatra S S, and Dash R R, Mater Des 30 (2009) 57.
Nair S V, Tien J K, and Bates R C, Int Mater Rev 30 (1985) 275.
Gurcan A B, and Baker T N, Wear 188 (1995) 185.
Chen A L, Arai Y, and Tsuchida E, Compos B 36 (2005) 319.
Hassan A M, Alrashdan A, Hayajneh M, and Mayyas A T, Tribol Int 42 (2009) 1230.
Yang Z, and Lu Z, Compos B Eng 44 (2013) 453.
Ramachandra M, and Radhakrishna K, International Symposium of Research Students on Materials Science and Engineering; December 20–22, Chennai, India (2004).
Singla M, Compos 8 (2009) 813.
Uyyuru R K, Surappa M K, and Brusethaug S, Wear 260 (2006) 1248.
Dhanabalakrishnan K P, Int J Eng Sci Res 2 (2012) 1954.
Kumar R, Dhiman S, Mater Des 50 (2013) 351.
Carvalho O, Buciumeanu M, Madeira S, Tribol Int 90 (2015) 148.
Suresha S, Sridhara B K, Mater Des 31 (2010) 4470.
Mirinda G, Buciumeanu M, Maderia S, Carvalho O, Soares D, Silva F S, Compos B 74 (2015) 153.
Bobić B, Mitrović S, Babić M, and Bobić I, Trib Ind 32 (2010) 3.
David Raja Selvam J, Robinson Smart D S, and Dinaharan I, Energy Procedia 34 (2013) 637.
Suresha S, and Sridhara B K, Mater Des 31 (2010) 1804.
Bodunrin M O, Alaneme K K, and Chown L H, J Mater Res Technol 4 (2015) 434.
Venkat Prasad S, and Subramanian R, Ind Lubr Tribol 65 (2013) 399.
Moorthy A, Natarajan D N, Sivakumar R, and Manojkumar M, Int J Mod Eng Res IJMER 2 (2012) 1224.
Uthayakumar M, Thirumalai kumaran S, and Aravindan S, Adv Tribol 2013 (2013) 365602. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/365602.
Ramachandra M, and Radhakrishna K, Wear 262 (2007) 1450.
Shivaprakash Y M, Sreenivasa Prasad K V, and Basavaraj Y, Int J Curr Eng Technol 3 (2013) 911 (ISSN 2277–4106).
Palanisamy S, Ramanathan S, and Rangaraj R, Adv Mech Eng 5 (2013) 658085. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/658085.
Sudarshan, and Surappa M K, Mater Sci Eng A 480 (2008) 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.06.068.
Babu Rao J, Venkata Rao D, Narasimha Murthy I, and Bhargava NRMR, Int J Compos Mater 46 (2011) 1393.
Vivekananthan M, and Senthamarai K, CARE J Appl Res (2011) (ISSN 2321-4090).
Ramachandra M, and Radhakrishna K, J. Mater. Sci 40 (2005) 5989.
Vijaya Bhaskar K, Subba Rao B, Sundarrajan S, and Ravindra K, SSRG Int J Mech Eng (ICEEMST’17)—Special Issue (2017) 32 ISSN: 2348–8360.
Escalera-Lozano R, Gutiérrez C A, and Pech-Canul M A, Mater Charact 58 (2007) 953.
Vijaya Bhaskar K, Sundarrajan S, Gopi Krishna M, and Ravindra K Elsevier Mater Today Proc 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.072.
Vijaya Bhaskar K, and Kommineni R, Mater Res Express (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa8a3e.
Umanath K, Palinikumar K, and Selvamani S T, Compos B 53 (2013) 159.
Kiran T S, Prasanna Kumar M, Basavarajappa S, and Viswanatha B M, Mater Des 63 (2014) 294.
Baradeswaran A, Elayaperumal A, and Franklin Issac R, Proc Eng 64 (2013) 973.
Ravindran P, Manisekhar K, Narayanasamy P, Selvakumar N, and Narayanasamy R, Mater Des 39(2012) 42.
Mathan Kumar N, Senthil Kumaran S, and Kumaraswamidhas L A, Alexandria Eng J 55 (2016) 19.
Shanmughasundaram Palanisamy P, Acta Metall Sin 22 (2016) 24.
Rao R, and Das S, Mater Des 31 (2010) 1200.
Stochowiak G, Batchelor A W, A Text Book on Engineering Tribology, Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam (2005).
Emori N, Oike M, Sasada T, Wear 97, (1984), 291
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nambur, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India for providing necessary support in conducting experiments; and also the authors express their thanks to Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing, International advanced research centre for Power Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad for their support in SEM–EDX studies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Srinivasan Sundarrajan: Former Director, NIT, Trichy.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kurapati, V.B., Kommineni, R. & Sundarrajan, S. Statistical Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Dry Sliding Wear Parameters of 2024 Aluminium Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Fly Ash and SiC Particles. Trans Indian Inst Met 71, 1809–1825 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1322-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1322-z