Abstract
Effects of sediment extraction and dam construction on changes of riverbed characteristics over yearly to decadal scales in the lower Tedori River of Japan are clarified. Over 1950–1991, the riverbed degraded in excess of 0.5–3.5 m. Concurrently, riverbed sediment volume of the 0–16 km reach decreased by 12.7 × 106 m3. Intensive sediment extraction was the dominant cause of riverbed degradation during the period. During 1991–2007, an increase in riverbed sediment volume of 0.6 × 106 m3 resulted in accretion of the riverbed by average depth 0.04 m. The cessation of sand and gravel mining (SGM), coupled with Tedorigawa Dam operation since 1980, was responsible for that accretion. Temporal change in riverbed elevation during 1950–2007 indicates that there were five phases of vertical adjustment. Combination of nonlinear regression models described four of these phases well. During 1950–1979, the first four modes of empirical orthogonal function analysis successfully captured temporal and spatial responses of the riverbed to natural and anthropogenic impacts. That is, the first mode explained the mean riverbed profile and temporal variation in riverbed sediment volume. The second through fourth spatial eigenfunctions reflected spatial variation in vertical adjustment rate for phases II, III and I, respectively. The corresponding temporal eigenfunctions explained the respective effects on the riverbed of SGM, of imbalance between sediment transport capacity and sediment supply, and of dredging activity.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Hokuriku Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan, for providing the field data. The study was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We express our sincere thanks to Mr. Ryosuke Matsuda for his kind support in preprocessing the data.
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Dang, M.H., Umeda, S. & Yuhi, M. Long-term riverbed response of lower Tedori River, Japan, to sediment extraction and dam construction. Environ Earth Sci 72, 2971–2983 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3202-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3202-0