Abstract
The present study was carried out in Singrauli area of the north India to know the water quality at selected sites. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and chromium were analyzed in 27 water samples. Locations selected for sampling were based on the preliminary field survey carried out to understand the overall impact of mining and industrialization on the surface and groundwater resources of Singrauli. Base map, drainage map, and land use/land cover of the study area were prepared from Survey of India topographic map 63 L/12 on 1:50000 scale and satellite data of IRS P6 LISS III 4th May 2010. Land use were categorized into 15 categories out of which major area occupied by open forest covers 20.33 %, uncultivated land 20.25 %, cultivated land 12.60 %, dense forest 11.00 %, and other categories cover 35.82 %. The results obtained are compared with World Health Organisation standards for drinking water quality. The physico chemical analysis shows alkaline nature of water, soft to moderately soft, TDS and total alkalinity exceeds the desirable limit. The major ions in water like calcium, and magnesium are within desirable limits, and sulfate and potassium exceed in limit at some locations, whereas sodium and chloride show higher values. The minor ions like copper and zinc show values within desirable limits whereas iron, cobalt, and chromium show higher values than the desirable limits which deteriorate the quality of water.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to the Chairman, Department of Geology, AMU, Aligarh, for co-operation and providing necessary infrastructural facilities. Corresponding author is also grateful to the University Grants Commission (UGC) for providing financial assistance under Non-NET fellowship scheme to Ph.D. students. Thanks are also due to Dr. Taqveem Ali Khan for preparation of manuscript and Dr. Shakeel Ahmad for his help in water quality analysis. Senior authors are also obliged to Northern Coal Field Ltd (NCL), Singrauli, for providing necessary logistics during the field visit.
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Khan, I., Javed, A. & Khurshid, S. Physico-chemical analysis of surface and groundwater around Singrauli Coal Field, District Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 68, 1849–1861 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1873-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1873-y