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Ore-Forming Fluids Characteristics and Metallogenesis of the An**g Hitam Pb-Zn Deposit in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia

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Abstract

The An**g Hitam Pb-Zn deposit in northern Sumatra (Indonesia) is one of the largest Pb-Zn deposits in the region. The stratiform orebodies are mainly hosted in the middle member of the Carboniferous-Permian Kluet Formation of the Tapanuli Group. Mineral paragenesis and crosscutting relationships suggest a two-stage Pb-Zn mineralization: (I) sedimentary and (II) hydrothermal mineralization. Ore-related calcite from both stages I and II contains mainly liquid- and gas-liquid two-phase-type fluid inclusions (FI). For stage I ore-forming fluids, FI homogenization temperatures (Th) are 105 to 199 °C, and the salinities are 9.6 wt.% to 16.6 wt.% NaCleqiv, reflecting low temperature and medium-low salinity; whereas in stage II, the Th (206 to 267 °C) and salinity (19.0 wt.% to 22.5 wt.% NaCleqiv) are considerably higher. Fluid inclusion and C-O isotope characteristics suggest that the stage I ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from a mixture of seawater and magmatic fluids (probably from deep-lying plutons), whereas the stage II ore-forming fluids were likely magmatic-derived with wall rock input. We propose that the An**g Hitam deposit was a Carboniferous exhalative sedimentary (SEDEX) deposit overprinted by the Pleistocene vein-style magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and constructive suggestions, which have improved the quality of the paper greatly. This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB440901). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0859-z.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Chaowen Huang & Huan Li

  2. Geological Survey of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230001, China

    Gaofeng Du

  3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Gaofeng Du

  4. Research Institute of Hunan Provincial Nonfenous Metals Geological Exploration Bureau, Changsha, 410015, China

    Huajun Jiang & Jianfeng **e

  5. Hunan Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Changsha, 410015, China

    Daohan Zha

  6. Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

    Chun-Kit Lai

  7. Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    Chun-Kit Lai

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Huang, C., Du, G., Jiang, H. et al. Ore-Forming Fluids Characteristics and Metallogenesis of the An**g Hitam Pb-Zn Deposit in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Earth Sci. 30, 131–141 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0859-z

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