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A new Late Agenian (MN2a, Early Miocene) fossil assemblage from Wallenried (Molasse Basin, Canton Fribourg, Switzerland)

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Abstract

Excavations of two fossiliferous layers in the Wallenried sand- and marl pit produced a very diversified vertebrate fauna. New material allows the reassessment of the taxonomic position of the ruminant taxa Andegameryx andegaviensis and endemic Friburgomeryx wallenriedensis. An emended diagnosis for the second species is provided and additional material of large and small mammals, as well as ectothermic vertebrates, is described. The recorded Lagomorpha show interesting morphological deviations from other Central European material, and probably represent a unique transitional assemblage with a co-occurrence of Titanomys, Lagopsis and Prolagus. Rodentia and Eulipotyphla belong to typical and well-known species of the Agenian of the Swiss Molasse Basin. Abundant small mammal teeth have allowed us to pinpoint the biostratigraphic age of Wallenried to late MN2a. The biostratigraphic age conforms to data derived from the charophyte assemblages and confirms the oldest occurrence of venomous snake fangs. The palaeoenvironmental context is quite complex. Sedimentary structures and fauna (fishes, frogs, salamanders, ostracods) are characteristic for a humid, lacustrine environment within a flood plain system.

Kurzfassung

Grabungen in fossilreichen Schichten der Sandgrube Wallenried ergaben eine artenreiche Wirbeltierfauna. Neues Material ermöglicht die Evaluation des taxonomischen Status der Ruminantia Andegameryx andegaviensis und dem endemischen Friburgomeryx wallenriedensis, mit einer ergänzenden Diagnose der letzteren Art. Zusätzliches Material von Säugetieren und ektothermen Wirbeltieren wird beschrieben. Die erfassten Lagomorpha weisen gegenüber anderem zentraleuropäischen Material interessante morphologische Abweichungen auf. Sie stellen wegen des gleichzeitigen Auftretens von Titanomys, Lagopsis und Prolagus möglicherweise eine einzigartige Übergangsfauna dar. Rodentia and Eulipotyphla gehören typischen und bekannten Arten des Ageniums des Schweizer Molassebeckens an. Dank der zahlreichen Kleinsäugerzähne kann das biostratigraphische Alter der Sedimente von Wallenried auf MN2a eingegrenzt werden. Dieses Alter entspricht auch den Ergebnissen der Charophytenvergesellschaftung und bestätigt das älteste Vorkommen von Giftschlangenzähnen. Die Paläoumwelt war recht komplex. Sedimentstrukturen und Faunen (Fische, Salamander, Frösche, Ostrakoden) sind für ein feuchtes, lakustrines Milieu der Überflutungsflächen innerhalb der Flussauen eines mäandrierenden Flusses charakteristisch.

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Abbreviations

p:

Lower premolar

m:

Lower molar

C:

Upper canine

P:

Upper premolar

M:

Upper molar

d:

Lower deciduous premolar

D:

Upper deciduous premolar

OMM:

Obere Meeresmolasse (Upper Marine Molasse)

USM:

Untere Süßwassermolasse (Lowe Freshwater Molasse)

MHNF:

Natural History Museum of Fribourg (Musée d’histoire naturelle de Fribourg)

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to André Fasel and Emanuel Gerber (Natural History Museum of Fribourg) for the funding of this project by the Natural History Museum of Fribourg. Our deep gratitude goes to our colleague and friend Prof. Jean-Pierre Berger, who highly contributed to the study of this locality by supervising Bachelor student (Noémie Philipona) and funding a part of the research by the University of Fribourg. Mennecart Bastien received support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 200021-115995, 200021-126420, and PBFRP2_145900) and Chiara Angelone received support by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CGL2011-28681). We are particularly grateful to Loïc Costeur (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel), Marguerite Hugueney (University of Lyon 1), Damien Becker (Jurassica Museum, Porrentruy), Florent Hiard, and Laureline Scherler, who provided access to collections and helpful discussions. We would like to thank Florent Hiard and Maika Havran for taking images of the mammal remains. Thanks go to the owners and workmen of the Wallenried quarry. We also thank the people who helped us in the field (David Jaramillo, Andrea Strasser, Florent Hiard, Noémie Philipona, Fribourg). Agnes Fatz and Wolfgang Gerber (both Tübingen) provided the images in Figs. 5 and 6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural History Museum of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Pérolles, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Bastien Mennecart, Bertrand Yerly & Claudius Pirkenseer

  2. Department of Geosciences, Earth Sciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Pérolles, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Bastien Mennecart, Olivier Maridet & Claudius Pirkenseer

  3. CR2P-Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CP38, 8 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France

    Bastien Mennecart

  4. Laboratoire Romand de Dendrochronologie, rue Saint-Michel 4, CP 161, 1510, Moudon, Switzerland

    Bertrand Yerly

  5. Rue du Centre 81, 2405, La Chaux-du Milieu, Switzerland

    Pierre-Olivier Mojon

  6. Institut Català de Paleontologia, Edifici Z, c/de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB-E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

    Chiara Angelone

  7. Jurassica Museum, route de Fontenais 21, 2900, Porrentruy, Switzerland

    Olivier Maridet

  8. Eberhard Karls University, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Madelaine Böhme

  9. Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP Tübingen), Tübingen, Germany

    Madelaine Böhme

  10. Paléontologie A16, Office de la Culture, Canton du Jura, Rue de la Chaumont 13, 2900, Porrentruy, Switzerland

    Claudius Pirkenseer

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  1. Bastien Mennecart
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  2. Bertrand Yerly
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  6. Madelaine Böhme
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  7. Claudius Pirkenseer
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Correspondence to Claudius Pirkenseer.

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Mennecart, B., Yerly, B., Mojon, PO. et al. A new Late Agenian (MN2a, Early Miocene) fossil assemblage from Wallenried (Molasse Basin, Canton Fribourg, Switzerland). Paläontol Z 90, 101–123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-015-0275-3

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