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Biological inventory and latitudinal gradient of the rocky and reef associated fish along the southern Mexican Pacific

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Abstract

Shallow water reef fishes of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Mexico) were studied through visual censuses as part of exhaustive biological inventories conducted from 2004 to 2019. The systematic checklist comprises 183 species from 55 families. The most representative families were Serranidae (14 species), Carangidae (13), Muraenidae, and Labridae (11 each). The highest representativeness at the zone level was obtained at Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo (158 species), Huatulco (141), Acapulco (121), Puerto Ángel (62), and Puerto Escondido (39). Sample-based rarefactions showed that the biological inventory at the regional level has a representativeness of 90.51%. The PERMANOVA results showed that the fish assemblage differs among zones, while the SIMPER analysis showed that the variability is a product of the species dissimilarity among zones, mainly among the cryptobenthic, highly mobile, and seasonal species. The average taxonomic distinctiveness (Δ+) shows that Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo has greater taxonomic diversity, followed by Acapulco and Huatulco with intermediate Δ+ values, while Puerto Escondido and Puerto Ángel have the lowest Δ+. Overall beta diversity (βSOR) was mostly due to nestedness (βSNE = 0.167) rather than spatial turnover (βSIM = 0.365), while pairwise turnover species (βsim) was high between Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo vs. Puerto Escondido and Huatulco vs. Puerto Angel. This study outlines new knowledge regarding how the mosaic of rocky and reef associated fish is shaped along the reefs and rocky-reef patches in the south of Mexico.

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Acknowledgments

We dedicated this work to the memory of D. Palacios-Salgado, ichthyologist pioneer in the study of fishes of Guerrero, Mexico. DPS work and dedication were crucial for the understanding of the ecology of reef fishes from the Mexican Pacific. We want to express our gratitude to the numerous people and institutions involved in the field work and funds granted by CONABIO (HJ026) awarded to A.L.P. OVM received a Ph.D. grant from CONACYT (fellow number 401738) during the completion of this work. ARV thanks the support of UC Mexus-CONACYT doctoral fellowship 160083. We also thank to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and feedback.

Funding

This study was funded by CONABIO (grant number HJ026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana # 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

    Omar Valencia-Méndez

  2. Ecosistemas Costeros y Marinos A.C, Ocotillo #206, Sector H, La Crucecita, Huatulco, Mexico

    Omar Valencia-Méndez

  3. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX), Departamento de Ecología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Fabián A Rodríguez-Zaragoza

  4. Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, Mexico

    Deivis Palacios-Salgado

  5. Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Arturo Ramírez-Valdez

  6. Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Andrés López-Pérez

Author notes

  1. Deivis Palacios-Salgado is deceased. This paper is dedicated to his memory.

    • Deivis Palacios-Salgado
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  1. Omar Valencia-Méndez
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Correspondence to Andrés López-Pérez.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Sampling and field studies

Permits for underwater visual censuses were obtained by the authors from the competent authorities.

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The data generated and analyzed during this study are included in the Electronic Supplementary Material files.

Authors’ contributions

OVM, FARZ and ALP conceived and designed research. OVM, DPS, ARV and ALP conducted the underwater surveys. OVM, FARZ and ALP analyzed data. OVM wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Communicated by S.E. Lluch-Cota

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Valencia-Méndez, O., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F.A., Palacios-Salgado, D. et al. Biological inventory and latitudinal gradient of the rocky and reef associated fish along the southern Mexican Pacific. Mar. Biodivers. 51, 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01145-w

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