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Effect of fisheries and benthic habitat on the ecological and functional diversity of fish at the Cayos Cochinos coral reefs (Honduras)

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Abstract

The Cayos Cochinos archipelago forms part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) and is one of the first marine protected areas (MPAs) created in Honduras in 1993. However, it has endured historical fishery exploitation prior to protective efforts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fish assemblages of the archipelago from an ecological and functional diversity perspective in order to test the hypothesis that the low live coral cover, reduced habitat complexity, and overfishing have decreased the biological, ecological, and functional diversity of fish. Our results indicate that the fish assemblages have a high species richness and ecological diversity, compared with other reefs of the MBRS. The sub-massive corals sustain the fish ecological and functional diversity, while leafy corals were associated with low functional diversity. Also, we identified sites with fish assemblages that are in good condition (e.g., Roatan Bank), which can be considered to be a control point for the evaluation of other sites within this MPA. Unfortunately, we also identified sites that were overexploited (e.g., Salamandinga), with low live coral cover and reduced habitat complexity, which also generated a low ecological and functional diversity. This study highlights a functional approach to evaluate fish assemblage conservation in MPAs. This work revealed that habitat complexity loss and overfishing negatively affect functional fish diversity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors Ignacio Cáceres and Esmeralda C. Ibarra-García thank CONACYT (México) postgrad scholarship (I.C. 584808; E.C.I.G. 277241). We like to thank the World Wildlife Fund-Central America (WWF-Ca) for their contribution of field work, fishery data, and for their financial support during the sampling time in Cayos Cochinos Honduras. In particular, we would like to thank Alicia Medina and Pablo Rico of WWF-Ca. We also thank all those who participated in the fieldwork (e.g., Fundación Cayos Cochinos and the Garifuna Community of Cayos Cochinos), collecting information from fisheries, and information provided. Finally, we are grateful for the comments and observations by two anonymous referees who considerably improved the quality of this work. This work was performed with the necessary permits for field observational study acquired by Fundación Cayos Cochinos administration. The study was done by the academic body “Ecología y Biodiversidad (UDG-CA-888)” of Universidad de Guadalajara.

Funding

This study was funded by World Wildlife Fund-Central America (grant numbers KH71 and KZ18) and Universidad de Guadalajara (projects P3E2008 and P3E2009; PFCe2018 from UDG-CA-888).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX), Departamento de Ecología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez No. 2100 Nextipac, C.P. 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Ignacio Cáceres, Esmeralda C. Ibarra-García, Manuel Ayón-Parente & Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza

  2. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología, y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas (BEMARENA), CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Ignacio Cáceres & Esmeralda C. Ibarra-García

  3. Instituto Antofagasta, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales AvH, Facultad de Recursos del Mar, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

Authors
  1. Ignacio Cáceres
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  2. Esmeralda C. Ibarra-García
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  3. Marco Ortiz
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  4. Manuel Ayón-Parente
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  5. Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. The field work was performed with all international, national, and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) guidelines for the care and use of animals.

Sampling and field studies

This work was performed with the necessary permits for field observational study acquired by Fundación Cayos Cochinos administration.

Data availability

The authors declare that all relevant data are included in the published article and its supplementary information files.

Author contribution

The ideas conception and methodologies design were carried out by IC, EIG, MO, MAP, and FARZ. The sampling was performed by FARZ. The data analysis was carried out by IC and FARZ. Finally, the manuscript was written by IC, FARZ, MO, and MAP.

Additional information

Communicated by S. E. Lluch-Cota

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Cáceres, I., Ibarra-García, E.C., Ortiz, M. et al. Effect of fisheries and benthic habitat on the ecological and functional diversity of fish at the Cayos Cochinos coral reefs (Honduras). Mar. Biodivers. 50, 9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-01024-z

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