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Application potential of chemical weathering indices in the identification of hydrothermally altered surface volcanic rocks from geothermal fields

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Abstract

Applicability of the Chemical Weathering Indices (CWIs) in an identification of fresh and hydrothermally altered rocks has been carried out by applying them to the rocks with known alteration status. The application clearly indicated that all 47 CWIs have correctly identified all fresh rocks (success rate, SR ∼100%). Similarly, most of the CWIs are correctly identified the hydrothermally altered rocks (SR of 78–100%), whereas the proper reasons are identified for the remaining CWIs for their comparatively lower success rates. The study clearly shows an applicability of CWIs in the identification of fresh and hydrothermally altered igneous rocks. As an application to identify the status of the hydrothermal alteration (least or intensive) of the surface rocks from geothermal areas, all 47 CWIs are applied to the rocks obtained from the surface areas of the six main geothermal fields of Mexico. Most of the indices have shown SR of ≥ 80% in identifying fresh and hydrothermally altered rocks of these geothermal fields. Based on the SR of CWIs, the 15 best performer CWIs are identified for the Mexican geothermal fields. The present work clearly reveals that if cautiously applied, by considering the existing differences between the weathering and hydrothermal alteration processes, most of the weathering indices may be successfully applied in correctly identifying the intensity of hydrothermal alteration of surface rocks of geothermal areas.

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  1. Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/no., Col. Centro, Apartado Postal 34, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, México

    Kailasa Pandarinath

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Table S1.

Details of the rock samples from different rock formations selected for validation (1st–3rd columns) and for application (4th column) of chemical weathering indices in identification of the alteration status of the rocks

Table S2.

Details of the volcanic rock samples from the surface areas of the six geothermal fields of Mexico

Table S3.

Average values of the chemical weathering indices applied for the rock composition of six geothermal fields of Mexico

Supplementary DOC file with the details of the Chemical Weathering Indices

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Pandarinath, K. Application potential of chemical weathering indices in the identification of hydrothermally altered surface volcanic rocks from geothermal fields. Geosci J 26, 415–442 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-021-0042-2

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