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Drought stress affects gas exchange and uptake and partitioning of minerals in swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum L.)

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Abstract

Swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum L., family Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial invasive species of profound medicinal potentiality. The spread of C. acutum in diverse habitats differing in water status and extent of salinity might point to appreciable resistance of the plant to drought and salt stress. The response of C. acutum to water stress under controlled nutrient supply on sand culture was investigated to assess the effect of water status of the soil on plant use efficiency of water and nutrients. Plants were subjected to water regime (% field capacity) of: 100, 35, 25, 12.5 and 5 for 10 days in a greenhouse. Whereas plant fresh weight was reduced under the impact of water stress, dry weight exhibited its maximum under moderate drought and this was associated with the allocation of greater proportions of plant biomass to root and stem at the expense of leaves. The increase in photosynthetic pigments of stressed plants is related to the drought-induced P deprivation. The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration and the stomatal conductance were progressively inhibited under drought stress; but sub-stomatal CO2 concentration showed a minimum at 12.5% field capacity. Soluble sugars and starch were deprived whereas proline was accumulated in the leaves under drought stress. Drought stress affected the uptake and partitioning of minerals within the plant and increased use efficiency of water and minerals, particularly P.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Grant 05/2014 from the Ministry Higher Education and Scientific Research, Libyan Transitional Government. The authors express their deep thanks to Prof. Gaber M. Abogadallah, Professor of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University for providing the greenhouse facility and his appreciated help in gas exchange measurements.

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  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Egypt

    Taha Mohamed El-Katony, Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Fattah Khedr & Saleh Omar Mergeb

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  1. Taha Mohamed El-Katony
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  2. Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Fattah Khedr
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Correspondence to Taha Mohamed El-Katony.

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El-Katony, T.M., Khedr, AH.AF. & Mergeb, S.O. Drought stress affects gas exchange and uptake and partitioning of minerals in swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum L.). Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 29, 23–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-017-0654-7

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