SpringerLink
Log in

Hydroplaning simulation for a straight-grooved tire by using FDM, FEM and an asymptotic method

  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Much research has been conducted to simulate the hydroplaning phenomenon of tires by using commercial explicit FEM (finite element method) codes such as MSC.Dytran and LS-DYNA. However, it takes a long time to finish such a simulation because its model has a great number of Lagrangian and Eulerian elements, and a contact should be defined between the two different types of elements. The simulation results of the lift force and the contact force are very oscillatory. Thus, in this study a new methodology was proposed for the hydroplaning simulation by using two separate mathematical models. An FDM (finite difference method) code was developed to solve Navier-Stokes and continuity equations and to obtain the pressure distribution around a tire with the inertial and viscous effects of water taken into account. An FE tire model was used to obtain the deformed shape of the tire due to the vertical load and the pressure distribution. The two models were iteratively used until a converged pressure distribution was obtained. Since the converged pressure distribution could not be obtained near or at the contact zone due to very shallow water, an asymptotic method was also proposed to estimate the pressure distribution. This new simulation methodology was applied to a straight-grooved tire, and its hydroplaning speed was finally determined for a water depth of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. Moreover, a new simulation methodology using LS-DYNA was proposed, and the two methodologies were compared in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. Suzuki and T. Fujikawa, Improvement of hydroplaning performance based on water flow around tires, Japan Automobile Research Institute (2001).

  2. R. N. J. Saal, Laboratory investigation into the slipperiness of roads, Chemistry and Industry 55 (1936) 3–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. C. S. Martin, Hydrodynamics of tire hydroplaning, Final Report, Project B-608, Georgia Institute of Technology (1966).

  4. A. Eshel, A study of tires on a wet runway, Ampex Corp., RR 67-24 (1967).

  5. H. Grogger and M. Weiss, Calculation of the threedimensional free surface flow around an automobile tire, Tire Science and Technology TSTCA 24 (1) (1996) 39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Nakajima, E. Seta, T. Kamegawa and H. Ogawa, Hydroplaning analysis by FEM and FVM: Effect of tire rolling and tire pattern on hydroplaning In ternational Journal of Automotive Technology 1 (2000) 26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Okano and M. Koishi, A new computational procedure to predict transient hydroplaning performance of a tire, Tire Science and Technology TSTCA 29 (1) (2001) 2–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Koishi, T. Okano, L. Olovsson, H. Saito and M. Makino, Hydroplaning Simulation Using Fluid-Structure Interaction in LS-DYNA, The 3rd European LS-DYNA Users Conference (2001).

  9. A. L. Browne, Tire deformation during dynamic hydroplaning, Tire Science and Technology TSTCA 3 (1) (1975) 16–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A. L. Browne and D. Whicker, An interactive tirefluid model for dynamic hydroplaning, ASTM (1983) 130–150.

  11. V. Castelli and J. Pirvics, Review of numerical methods in gas bearing film analysis, Transactions of the ASME (1968) 777–792.

  12. R. S. Huebner, J. R. Reed and J. J. Henry, Criteria for predicting hydroplaning potential, Journal of Transportation Engineering 112 (5) (1986) 549–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill (1999).

  14. T. D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, SAE (1999).

  15. L. Olovsson and M. Souli, ALE and fluid-structure interaction capability in LS-DYNA, Proceedings of 6th International LS-DYNA Users Conference (2000)

  16. I. Janajreh, A. Rezgui and V. Estenne, Tire tread pattern analysis for ultimate performance of hydroplaning, Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, (2001) 264–267.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 1 Shinsoo-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea, 121-742

    C. -W. Oh, H. -Y. Jeong & K. -S. Park

  2. Hankook Tire R&D Center, 23-1 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejun, Korea, 305-343

    T. -W. Kim & S. -N. Kim

Authors
  1. C. -W. Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. -W. Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. -Y. Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. -S. Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. -N. Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. -Y. Jeong.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oh, C.W., Kim, T.W., Jeong, H.Y. et al. Hydroplaning simulation for a straight-grooved tire by using FDM, FEM and an asymptotic method. J Mech Sci Technol 22, 34–40 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-007-1004-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-007-1004-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation