SpringerLink
Log in

Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe Method Followed by Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Trace Amount of Bisphenol A in Canned Foods

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Combination of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (QuEChERS-IL-DLLME) was developed as an extraction methodology to determine bisphenol A (BPA) in various canned food samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The potential variables affecting the microextraction recovery were considered in the optimization process. Obtained results showed that 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C6mim][Tf2N]) is a better extraction solvent compared with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6mim][PF6]) and is more compatible with RP-HPLC. Under the optimum conditions, the method yielded a linear calibration curve ranging from 1.0 to 500 μL−1 with a determination coefficient (R 2) of 0.9993. Enrichment factor for BPA was 98, and limit of detection was 0.1 μg L−1. The relative standard deviation percent (RSD%) for the intra-day and inter-day extraction and determination at 2.0, 20, and 200 μg L−1 levels of BPA was less than 7.2 % (n = 6) and 9.7 % (n = 6), respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction, cleanup, preconcentration, and determination of the BPA in different canned food samples, and satisfactory results were obtained (relative recovery ≥90 %).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference

  • Anastassiades M, Lehotay SJ, Stajnbaher D, Schenck FJ (2003) Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J AOAC Int 86:412–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asensio-Ramos M, Ravelo-Pérez LM, González-Curbelo MA, Hernández-Borges J (2011) Liquid phase microextraction. Applications in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 1218:7415–7437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biparva P, Ehsani M, Hadjmohammadi MR (2012) Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using extraction solvents lighter than water combined with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of synthetic antioxidants in fruit juice samples. J Food Compos Anal 27:87–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braunrath R, Cichna M (2005) Sample preparation including sol-gel immunoaffinity chromatography for determination of bisphenol A in canned beverages, fruits and vegetables. J Chromatogr A 1062:189–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canale F, Cordero C, Baggiani C, Baravalle P, Giovannoli C, Bicchi C (2010) Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of bisphenol A in water samples. J Sep Sci 33:1644–1651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Commission Regulation EU 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Chapter 13, 045:42–130

  • Cunha SC, Fernandes JO (2013) Assessment of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after QuEChERS and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Food Control 33:549–555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha SC, Almeida C, Mendes E, Fernandes JO (2011) Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Add Contam Part A 28:513–528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • European Food Safety Authority—EFSA (2006) Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. EFSA J 428:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Khorram P, Alizadeh Nabil AA (2014) Solid-based disperser liquid-liquid microextraction for the preconcentration of phthalate esters and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 37:1177–1184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Abbaspour M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Ghorbanpour H (2015) Determination of some synthetic phenolic antioxidants and bisphenol A in honey using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Food Anal Methods 8:2035–2043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Prieto A, Lunar L, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D (2008) Decanoic acid reverse micelle-based coacervates for the microextraction of bisphenol A from canned vegetables and fruits. Anal Chim Acta 617:51–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gyong Y, Shin JH, Kim H-Y, Khim J, Lee M-K, Hong J (2007) Application of solid-phase extraction coupled with freezing-lipid filtration clean-up for the determination of endocrine-disrupting phenols in fish. Anal Chim Acta 603:67–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafarvand S, Shemirani F (2011) Supramolecular-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: a novel sample preparation technique utilizes coacervates and reverse micelles. J Sep Sci 34:455–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang J-H, Kondo F, Katayama Y (2006) Importance of control of enzymatic degradation for determination of bisphenol A from fruits and vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 555:114–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Guo R, Zhang X, Li X (2012) Extraction of glabridin using imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 88:146–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munguia-Lopez EM, Peralta E, Gonzalez-Leon A, Vargas-Requena C, Soto-Valdez H (2002) Migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from epoxy can coatings to jalapeño peppers and an acid food simulant. J Agric Food Chem 50:7299–7302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nerin C, Philo MR, Salafranca J, Castle L (2002) Determination of bisphenol-type contaminants from food packaging materials in aqueous foods by solid-phase microextraction–high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 963:375–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey S (2006) Analytical applications of room-temperature ionic liquids: a review of recent efforts. Anal Chim Acta 556:38–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passos H, Sousa ACA, Pastorinho MR, Nogueira AJA, Rebelo LPN, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG (2012) Ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems for improved detection of bisphenol A in human fluids. Anal Methods 4:2664–2667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poole CF, Lenca N (2015) Green sample-preparation methods using room-temperature ionic liquids for the chromatographic analysis of organic compounds. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 71:144–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai S, Singh AK, Srivastava A, Yadav S, Siddiqui MH, Reddy Mudiam MK (2016) Comparative evaluation of QuEChERS method coupled to DLLME extraction for the analysis of multiresidue pesticides in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Anal Methods 9(9):2656–2669

  • Rezaee M, Assadi Y, Milani Hosseini MR, Aghaee E, Ahmadi F, Berijani S (2006) Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1116:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Shariati S, Esrafili A, Shamsipur M (2009) Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection as a very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol A in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1216:1511–1514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Faraji M (2010) Evolution of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. J Chromatogr A 1217:2342–2357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi M, Nematifar Z, Fattahi N, Pirsaheb M, Shamsipur M (2016) Determination of bisphenol A in food and environmental samples using combined solid-phase extraction-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop followed by HPLC. Food Anal Methods 9(6):1814–1824

  • Safe SH (2000) Endocrine disruptors and human health—is there a problem? An update Environ Health Perspect 108:487–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saleh A, Yamini Y, Faraji M, Rezaee M, Ghambarian M (2009) Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction method based on applying low density organic solvents followed by gas chromatography analysis for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1216:6673–6679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao B, Han H, Tu X, Huang L (2007) Analysis of alkylphenol and bisphenol A in eggs and milk by matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 850:412–416

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun C, Leong LP, Barlow PJ, Chan SH, Bloodworth BC (2006) Single laboratory validation of a method for the determination of bisphenol A, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives in canned foods by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1129:145–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki N, Hattori A (2003) Bisphenol a suppresses osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in the cultured scales of goldfish. Life Sci 73:2237–2247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tai Z, Li Y, Liu M, Hu X, Yang Y, Qin B (2014) Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol AF in vinegar samples by two-component mixed ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chem Soc Pak 36:63–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toyo’oka T, Oshige Y (2000) Determination of alkylphenols in mineral water contained in PET bottles by liquid chromatography with coulometric detection. Anal Sci 16:1071–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Rocío-Bautista P, Pino V, Afonso AM (2013) Ionic liquids in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 51:87–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration-USFDA (2010) Bisphenol A (BPA): use in food contact application. 2014 Updated Review of Literature and Data on Bisphenol A, pp 120–129

  • Wang S, Liu C, Yang S, Liu F et al (2013) Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction following high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of fungicides in fruit juices. Food Anal Methods 6:481. doi:10.1007/s12161-012-9402-x

  • Wang L, Zhang D, Xu X, Zhang L (2015) Application of ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction for highly sensitive simultaneous determination of three endocrine disrupting compounds in food packaging. Food Chem 197:754–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu T, Wang WY, Jiang LM, Chu QC, Delaire J, Ye JN (2008) Determination of natural and synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in sewage based on SPE and MEKC with amperometric detection. Chromatographia 68:339–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan W, Wei F, Xu G, Cai Z, Du S, Zhou X, Li F, Hu Q (2012) Highly selective stir bar coated with dummy molecularly imprinted polymers for trace analysis of bisphenol A in milk. J Sep Sci 35:1036–1043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by Standard Research Institute of Iran (grant number 45565).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammad Faraji & Banafshe Nasiri Sahneh

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and innovative technology, Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Noorani

Authors
  1. Mohammad Faraji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahsa Noorani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Banafshe Nasiri Sahneh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Faraji.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Mohammad Faraji declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mahsa Noorani declares that she has no conflict of interest. Banafshe Nasiri Sahneh declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies on human or animal subjects.

Informed Consent

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Faraji, M., Noorani, M. & Nasiri Sahneh, B. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe Method Followed by Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Trace Amount of Bisphenol A in Canned Foods. Food Anal. Methods 10, 764–772 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0635-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0635-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation