Abstract
Camelus dromedarius has played a pivotal role in both culture and way of life in the Arabian peninsula, particularly in arid regions where other domestic animals cannot be easily domesticated. Although, the mitochondrial genomes have recently been sequenced for several camelid species, wider phylogenetic studies are yet to be performed. The features of conserved gene elements, rapid evolutionary rate, and rare recombination make the mitochondrial genome a useful molecular marker for phylogenetic studies of closely related species. Here we carried out a comparative analysis of previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes of camelids with an emphasis on C. dromedarius, revealing a number of noticeable findings. First, the arrangement of mitochondrial genes in C. dromedarius is similar to those of the other camelids. Second, multiple sequence alignment of intergenic regions shows up to 90% similarity across different kinds of camels, with dromedary camels to reach 99%. Third, we successfully identified the three domains (termination-associated sequence, conserved domain and conserved sequence block) of the control region structure. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that C. dromedarius mitogenomes were significantly clustered in the same clade with Lama pacos mitogenome. These findings will enhance our understanding of the nucleotide composition and molecular evolution of the mitogenomes of the genus Camelus, and provide more data for comparative mitogenomics in the family Camelidae.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Maha A. Alshuaibi at the College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, for her valuable input in executing this project; and Amer S. Alharthi at the National Centre for Robotics Technologies and Intelligent Systems, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, for his technical support. This work was funded by the Life Science and Environment Research Institute and the Centre of Excellence for Genomics (Grant 20-0078), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia.
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Corresponding editor: Subramaniam Ganesh
MMM and MBA conceived and designed the experiments; MMM, MAA, SAB, SHA, RMA and ATA carried out the experiments; MMM, MAA, SAB, ATA and BMA analysed the data; MMM, MAA and SAB wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Manee, M.M., Alshehri, M.A., Binghadir, S.A. et al. Comparative analysis of camelid mitochondrial genomes. J Genet 98, 88 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-019-1134-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-019-1134-x