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Acute Toxicity of Arsenic under Different Temperatures and Salinity Conditions on the White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine acute toxicity in the post larvae of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after 96 h of exposure to dissolved arsenic under three different temperatures and salinity conditions. Recent reports have shown an increase in the presence of this metalloid in coastal waters, estuaries, and lagoons along the Mexican coast. The white shrimp stands out for its adaptability to temperature and salinity changes and for being the main product for many commercial fisheries; it has the highest volume of oceanic capture and production in Mexican shrimp farms. Lethal concentrations (LC50–96 h) were obtained at nine different combinations (3 × 3 combinations in total) of temperature (20, 25, and 30 °C) and salinity (17, 25, and 33) showing mean LC50–96 h values (±standard error) of 9.13 ± 0.76, 9.17 ± 0.56, and 6.23 ± 0.57 mgAs L−1(at 20 °C and 17, 25, and 33 salinity); 12.29 ± 2.09, 8.70 ± 0.82, and 8.03 ± 0.59 mgAs L−1 (at 25 °C and 17, 25, and 33 salinity); and 7.84 ± 1.30, 8.49 ± 1.40, and 7.54 ± 0.51 mgAs L−1 (at 30 °C and 17, 25, and 33 salinity), respectively. No significant differences were observed for the optimal temperature and isosmotic point of maintenance (25 °C–S 25) for the species, with respect to the other experimental conditions tested, except for at 20 °C–S 33, which was the most toxic. Toxicity under 20 °C–S 33 conditions was also higher than 25 °C–S 17 and 20 °C (S 17 or 25). The least toxic condition was 25 °C–S 17. All this suggests that the toxic effect of arsenic is not affected by temperature changes; it depends on the osmoregulatory pattern developed by the shrimp, either hyperosmotic at low salinity or hiposmotic at high salinity, as observed at least on the extreme salinity conditions here tested (17 and 33). However, further studies testing salinities near the isosmotic point (between 20 and 30 salinities) are needed to clarify these mechanisms.

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Acknowledgments

Authors express their gratitude to Dr. Gabriela Gaxiola for providing the food for the postlarvae and Dr. Cecilia Vanegas for her support through the experimental work; to Fitmar Proveedoras de Larvas S. A. de C. V. for species donations. We are very grateful to M.C. Sergio Rendón and M. C. Alfredo Ordiano for technical support. Thank you to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for the grant to J. A. Valentino-Álvarez (grant no. 41530) and DGAPA-PAPIIT for financial support to the Project IN227207. Special thanks to Msc. Enrique Núñez-Jiménez and Stuart Futon for improving this manuscript.

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  1. Bioterio de Peces y Crustáceos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México DF, 04510, Mexico

    Jesús Alberto Valentino-Álvarez & Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira

  2. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, 24157, Mexico

    Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira & Laura Fernández-Bringas

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  1. Jesús Alberto Valentino-Álvarez
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  2. Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira
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Correspondence to Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira.

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Valentino-Álvarez, J.A., Núñez-Nogueira, G. & Fernández-Bringas, L. Acute Toxicity of Arsenic under Different Temperatures and Salinity Conditions on the White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei . Biol Trace Elem Res 152, 350–357 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9635-6

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