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High Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris in Small-headed ASR™ Hips

  • Clinical Research
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

A CORR Insights® to this article was published on 21 June 2013

Abstract

Background

There has been increasing concern of metal-on-metal (MOM) hip replacements regarding adverse reactions to metal debris. Information regarding prevalence and risk factors for these adverse reactions is scarce.

Questions/purposes

The primary purposes of our study were to determine (1) the prevalence of adverse reactions to metal debris among patients who received small-headed (< 50 mm) Articular Surface Replacement (ASR™) prostheses in hip resurfacing procedures or the ASR™ XL prostheses during THAs at our institution, and (2) the risk factors for adverse reactions to metal debris and if they are different in hip resurfacing replacements compared with THAs?

Methods

Small-headed ASR™ prostheses were used in 482 operations (424 patients) at our institution. After the recall of ASR™ prostheses, we established a systematic screening program to find patients with adverse reactions to metal debris. At a mean of 4.9 years (range, 0.2–8.1 years) postoperatively, 379 patients (435 hips) attended a screening program, which consisted of clinical evaluation, whole blood cobalt and chromium measurements, and cross-sectional imaging.

Results

At followup, 162 hips (34%) have been revised. The majority (85%) were revised owing to causes related to adverse reactions to metal debris. The 7-year survivorship was 51% for the ASR™ hip replacement cohort and 38% for the ASR™ XL THA cohort, respectively. Reduced cup coverage was an independent risk factor for adverse reactions to metal debris in both cohorts. High preoperative ROM, use of the Corail® stem, and female gender were associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions to metal debris only in patients undergoing THA.

Conclusions

Adverse reactions to metal debris are common with small-headed ASR™ prostheses. Risk factors for these adverse reactions differ between hip resurfacing procedures and THAs. Our results suggest a more complicated failure mechanism in THAs than in hip resurfacing procedures.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following orthopaedic surgeons who contributed for this study by operating these patients: Pekka Halonen MD, Pekko Kuusela MD, Teemu Moilanen MD, PhD, Unto Päivärinta MD, and Hannu Syrjä MD. We also thank Pentti Mattila MD and Antti Paakkala MD, PhD for hel** with analysis of the MR imaging and Ella Lehto RN for maintaining the study database.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, P.O. Box 652, 33101, Tampere, Finland

    Aleksi Reito MD, Timo Puolakka MD, PhD, Petra Elo MD, PhD, Jorma Pajamäki MD, PhD & Antti Eskelinen MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Aleksi Reito MD
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  2. Timo Puolakka MD, PhD
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  3. Petra Elo MD, PhD
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  4. Jorma Pajamäki MD, PhD
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  5. Antti Eskelinen MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antti Eskelinen MD, PhD.

Additional information

One of the authors certifies that he (JP), or a member of his or her immediate family, has or may receive payments or benefits, during the study period, an amount of USD 10,000 – 100,000, from Zimmer (Warsaw, IN, USA).

All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA-approval status, of any drug or device prior to clinical use.

Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained.

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Reito, A., Puolakka, T., Elo, P. et al. High Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris in Small-headed ASR™ Hips. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471, 2954–2961 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3023-6

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